Loss of Rnf31 and Vps4b sensitizes pancreatic cancer to T cell-mediated killing

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an inherently immune cell deprived tumor, characterized by desmoplastic stroma and suppressive immune cells. Here we systematically dissected PDA intrinsic mechanisms of immune evasion by in vitro and in vivo CRISPR screening, and identified Rnf31 and Vps4b as essential factors required for escaping CD8+ T cell-killing. Using murine PDA cells and human PDA organoids, we demonstrate that Rnf31 protects from TNF-mediated caspase 8 cleavage and subsequent apoptosis induction. For Vps4b we found that inactivation impairs autophagy, resulting in increased accumulation of CD8+ T cell-derived granzyme B and subsequent tumor cell lysis. Orthotopic transplantation of Rnf31- or Vps4b deficient pancreatic tumors, moreover, revealed increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and effector function, and markedly reduced tumor growth in mice. Our work uncovers vulnerabilities in PDA that might be exploited to render these tumors more susceptible to the immune system.