Structure of the Wnt-Frizzled-LRP6 initiation complex reveals the basis for co-receptor discrimination

Wnt morphogens are critical for embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Canonical Wnts form ternary receptor complexes composed of tissue-specific Frizzled receptors together with the shared LRP5/6 co-receptors to initiate {beta}-catenin signaling. The structure of a ternary complex of an affinity-matured XWnt8-Frizzled8-LRP6 complex elucidates the basis of co-receptor discrimination by canonical Wnts by means of their N-termini and linker domains that engage the LRP6 E1E2 domain funnels. Chimeric Wnts bearing modular linker grafts were able to transfer LRP6 domain specificity between different Wnts and enable non-canonical Wnt5a to signal through the canonical pathway. Synthetic peptides comprising the linker domain serve as Wnt-specific antagonists. The structure of the ternary complex provides a topological blueprint for the orientation and proximity of Frizzled and LRP6 within the Wnt cell surface signalosome.