Discover, rate, and verify biology preprints.

Promoter-associated RNA polymerase III shapes RNA polymerase II-dependent inflammatory gene expression during viral infection

Pol III occupies TATA-enriched, TBP-dependent inflammatory gene promoters, primes basal expression, then restrains Pol II induction during MHV68, HSV-1 and influenza A infection.

Genotype-Based Severity Scoring System in Wolfram Syndrome: Correlation with Onset of Cardinal Symptoms and WFS1 Gene Variant Types

Higher WFS1 genotype scores (variant frame, transmembrane location) tracked earlier diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy onset in 324 Wolfram patients, not hearing loss or diabetes insipidus.

VFB-MCP: Natural-Language Access to Drosophila Neuroscience Grounded by an Expert-Curated Ontology-Led Knowledgebase

Model Context Protocol tools over Virtual Fly Brain's graph let Claude answer 25/30 Drosophila neuroscience tasks precisely, vs 14/30 with web search, 2/30 bare.

Prediction-Guided Design of a More Developable FGF21 Construct

A prediction-guided FGF21 construct with a longer C-terminus gave less protein than the literature design yet concentrated to 1.4 mg/mL versus 0.7 mg/mL (n = 1).

The morphotype approach to classification of aerial animals in radar data

Splitting BirdScan MR1 radar bird classes by wingbeat frequency and radar cross section turns 4 classes into 31 morphotypes, most matching under 10 Israeli species.

Identification of HLA-A33-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes from avian influenza A/H5N1

Immunopeptidomics shows HLA-A*33:01 and HLA-A*33:03 present largely distinct influenza peptide repertoires, and four HLA-A*33:03-restricted epitopes triggered CD8+ T cell responses in A/H5N1-naive donors.

ARSENAL: Learning Transferable Regulatory DNA Representations with Targeted Short-Context Language Models

A 350 bp masked DNA language model trained on ENCODE cCREs with a frequency-domain regularizer recovers TF motifs zero-shot, scores regulatory variants, improves ChromBPNet inputs, and guides sequence design.

A transient signal in foveal superior colliculus neurons when jumpstarting peripheral saccadic orienting

During delayed saccade tasks, macaque foveal superior colliculus neurons burst after the go signal, leading peripheral collicular pauses by 10 ms, independent of target image, saccade direction or reaction time.

Interpretable variant effect prediction from genomic foundation model embeddings

A low-rank covariance probe on Evo 2 embeddings predicts ClinVar pathogenicity across SNVs and indels, while annotation probes plus an LLM produce mechanistic hypotheses; scores released for 4.2 million variants.

Humans homozygous for rare or common hypomorphic IL23R variants are prone to tuberculosis

Homozygosity for hypomorphic IL23R variants (G149R, G300V, R381Q) partly impairs IL-23-dependent IFN-γ production in patient cells; with L372F (effect inferred), they are enriched in tuberculosis, not MSMD or CMC patients.

An integrated, scaled approach to resolve TSC2 variants of uncertain significance

Abundance scores for 8,891 TSC2 missense variants, plus mTOR pathway activity scores for 391, were calibrated to ACMG/AMP evidence. They putatively reclassify 212 of 276 clinical-cohort missense VUS.

Kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-knockout screening reveals critical protein kinases in vasopressin V2-receptor signaling

A kinome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in a mouse collecting duct Aqp2-GFP reporter line found 26 kinases shaping vasopressin-driven Aqp2 transcription, including Dyrk1a, Stk11 and TGF-β receptors.

Diverse megamammals exploited by humans, chronology and palaeoecology at Taima-Taima, Late Pleistocene, South America

Bone modification analyses, tooth enamel radiocarbon dates, and dental calculus microfossils indicate that Late Pleistocene humans exploited at least five megaherbivore species at a savannah watering hole in Venezuela.

Spatially explicit capture-recapture models for relative density

Maximizing the conditional likelihood in spatially explicit capture-recapture models estimates spatial relative density and population growth rates rapidly while remaining robust to unmodeled individual detection heterogeneity.

10 recommendations for strengthening citizen science for improved societal and ecological outcomes: A co-produced analysis of challenges and opportunities in the 21st century

Co-produced analysis of 46 survey responses and nine STARDIT case studies identifies eleven core challenges in citizen science and formulates 10 recommendations for infrastructure, FAIR data, and contributor support.

Curating MitoCore: A Standardized Small-Scale Human Metabolic Model as Platform for Proteomics Integration and Disease Modeling

Re-annotated MitoCore (SBML3, UniProt, EC, Human-GEM gene rules) supports sMOMENT proteomics integration, reducing thrombocyte ATP prediction error by 89% relative to the original model.

Nonlinear Relationships of Fibrin Network Structure as a Function of Fibrinogen and Thrombin Concentrations for Purified Fibrinogen and Plasma Clots

Fibrin fiber diameter, segment length, density and pore size in plasma and purified clots follow fibrinogen-thrombin power laws; thrombin sets segment length, fibrinogen sets space filling.

Chemical augmentation of the validated HepaRGTM CYP induction test method Part 2: Additional laboratory study supported by mRNA analysis

A third laboratory transferred the HepaRG CYP induction assay to six augmentation and four additional non-pharmaceutical chemicals; parallel mRNA data supported enzyme activity calls, with CYP3A4 most concordant.

Investigating the Y chromosome in complex disease: Phenome-wide scan across 104,334 Finnish men

Phenome-wide scan of Y-chromosomal variants against 1,426 traits in 104,334 Finnish men finds no significant hits; kin-based validation supports haplogroup I1 increasing coronary heart disease risk.

Dynamic Monitoring of Antibody Drug Conjugates Targeting TROP2 or HER2 in Breast Cancer using Circulating Tumor Cells

In metastatic breast cancer on TROP2- or HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugates, early CTC disappearance or steep decline tracked response, while CTC epitope levels neither predicted benefit nor vanished at resistance.