This study identifies oxysterols and GPR183 as drivers of inflammation in the lung during influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections, showing that targeting GPR183 reduces inflammation and disease severity.

bioRxiv · Jun 14, 2022Immunology

Susceptibility of wild canids to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

S. M. Porter, A. E. Hartwig, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, A. M. Bosco-Lauth, J. J. Root

This study shows red foxes can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and shed the virus, while coyotes are not infected.

bioRxiv · Jan 27, 2022Microbiology

A blunted GPR183/oxysterol axis during dysglycemia results in delayed recruitment of macrophages to the lung during M. tuberculosis infection

M. D. Ngo, S. Bartlett, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, C. X. Foo, R. Sinha, B. J. Arachchige, S. J. Reed, T. Mandrup-Poulsen, M. M. Rosenkilde, K. Ronacher

This study shows that dysglycemia impairs the GPR183/oxysterol axis, leading to delayed macrophage recruitment and worsened tuberculosis outcomes in mice.

bioRxiv · Jan 5, 2022Immunology

Nebulized delivery of a broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific nanobody prevents clinical, virological and pathological disease in a Syrian hamster model of COVID-19

T. J. Esparza, Y. Chen, N. P. Martin, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, R. A. Bowen, W. D. Tolbert, M. J. Pazgier, D. L. Brody

This study shows that nebulized NIH-CoVnb-112 nanobody reduces weight loss, viral burden, and lung pathology in Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2.

bioRxiv · Nov 10, 2021Biochemistry

Complete protection by a single dose skin patch delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine

C. L. D. McMillan, J. J. Y. Choo, A. Idris, A. Supramaniam, N. Modhiran, A. A. Amarilla, A. Isaacs, S. T. M. Cheung, B. Liang, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, A. Azuar, D. Acharya, G. Kelly, G. J. P. Fernando, M. J. Landsberg, , D. A. Muller

A single dose of a SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine delivered via a high-density microarray patch provides complete protection against a lethal virus challenge.

bioRxiv · May 30, 2021Microbiology

Pre-diabetes increases tuberculosis disease severity, while high body fat without impaired glucose tolerance is protective

R. Sinha, M. D. Ngo, S. Bartlett, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, S. Keshvari, S. Z. Hasnain, M. L. Donovan, J. C. Kling, A. Blumenthal, C. Chen, K. Short, K. Ronacher

bioRxiv · Apr 6, 2021Immunology

Pediatric nasal epithelial cells are less permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication compared to adult cells

Y. Zhu, K. Y. Chew, M. Wu, A. C. Karawita, G. McCallum, L. E. Steele, A. Yamamoto, L. L. Labzin, T. Yarlagadda, A. A. Khromykh, X. Wang, J. Sng, C. J. Stocks, Y. Xia, T. R. Kollmann, , K. R. Short

The paper compares SARS-CoV-2 replication in pediatric and adult nasal epithelial cells, finding lower viral titers in children for ancestral and Delta variants, but higher replication for Omicron.

bioRxiv · Mar 8, 2021 · PreprintMicrobiology

Survey of peridomestic mammal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

A. Bosco-Lauth, J. J. Root, S. Porter, A. Walker, L. Guilbert, D. Hawvermale, A. Pepper, R. Maison, A. Hartwig, P. Gordy, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, R. A. Bowen

This study investigates susceptibility of peridomestic mammals to SARS-CoV-2 infection, finding some species can be infected and shed the virus while others are not susceptible.

bioRxiv · Jan 21, 2021 · PreprintMicrobiology

Replicating bacterium-vectored vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 Membrane and Nucleocapsid proteins protects against severe COVID-19 disease in hamsters

M. A. Horwitz, Q. A. Jia, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, R. Maison, S. Maslesa-Galic, R. A. Bowen

bioRxiv · Nov 17, 2020Immunology

Sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor, improves cardiac outcomes in a mouse model of early heart failure without diabetes

S. L. Young, L. Ryan, T. P. Mullins, M. Flint, S. E. Steane, S. L. Walton, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, D. A. Carter, M. E. Reichelt, L. A. Gallo

This study shows that sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor, improves cardiac outcomes in non-diabetic mice with heart failure but not in diabetic mice with proximal tubular damage.

bioRxiv · Aug 15, 2020 · PreprintPharmacology & Toxicology

GPR183 regulates interferons and bacterial growth during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: interaction with type 2 diabetes and TB disease severity

S. Bartlett, A. T. Gemiarto, M. D. Ngo, H. Sajiir, S. Hailu, R. Sinha, C. X. Foo, L. Kleynhans, H. Tshivhula, T. Webber, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, N. P. West, A. M. Hiemstra, C. E. MacDonald, L. von Voss Christensen, , K. Ronacher

bioRxiv · Jul 15, 2020Microbiology

Experimental co-transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and the macaque homologs of the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

A. G. Bruce, S. Barcy, J. Staheli, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, M. Ikoma, K. Howard, T. M. Rose

This study successfully transmits RFHV and LCV from saliva in macaques, showing differential lytic activation and immune control of the viruses.

bioRxiv · Oct 1, 2018Microbiology