High-fidelity Cas13 variants for targeted RNA degradation with minimal collateral effect

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas13 systems have recently been employed for targeted RNA degradation in various organisms. However, collateral degradation of bystander RNAs has imposed a major barrier for their in vivo applications. We designed a dual-fluorescent reporter system for detecting collateral effects and screening Cas13 variants in mammalian cells. Among over 200 engineered variants, several Cas13 variants (including Cas13d and Cas13X) exhibit efficient on-target activity but markedly reduced collateral activity. Furthermore, transcriptome-wide off-targets and cell growth arrest induced by Cas13 are absent for these variants. Importantly, high-fidelity Cas13 variants show comparable RNA knockdown activity with wild-type Cas13 but no detectable collateral damage in transgenic mice and adeno-associated virus-mediated somatic cell targeting. Thus, high-fidelity Cas13 variants with minimal collateral effect are now available for targeted degradation of RNAs in basic research and therapeutic applications.