Discover, rate, and verify biology preprints.

The Sorghum Lipid Database (SoLD): population-scale lipidomics linking environmental and genetic variation in the Sorghum Association Panel

SoLD, a leaf lipidomics resource (244 species) for the Sorghum Association Panel across two field trials, reveals low-input sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol depletion, triacylglycerol enrichment, and environment-specific GWAS loci.

Cysteine reactivity profiling links metabolic rewiring to the dysfunctional human T cell proteome.

In chronically stimulated human T cells, suppressed oxidative metabolism and nucleotide loss accompany MAP2K4 activation. Inhibiting MAP2K4 (with the MKK4/7 inhibitor BSJ-04-122) restored tumor-cell killing in vitro.

replicateFest: An R Package and Shiny App for Analysis of T Cell Receptor Repertoire Data from the Functional Expansion

replicateFest uses negative binomial models for replicated and Fisher's exact tests for unreplicated FEST TCR-seq to call antigen-expanded clonotypes, recovering all nine published HIV-1 responders.

eIF4E and Ezrin cooperate in pseudopods to drive a localized migratory translation program in acute myeloid leukemia

In acute myeloid leukemia, Ezrin binds eIF4E and anchors active ribosomes in pseudopods for local translation of CD44 and hyaluronan pathway proteins; eIF4E loss impairs mouse engraftment.

Reliable Evaluation of Transductive Population Graph Neural Networks for Multisite Autism fMRI

Site-aware population GNN on ABIDE-I: cohort AUC about 0.94 (kept with site-only edges) was not reproduced by a site-prior classifier (0.506); a directed-edge support gain (+0.252) vanished when symmetrised (−0.003).

Dataset structure outweighs method choice in single-cell cell-type annotation

In a 63-tool benchmark, dataset identity explained ≈84% of Cohen's κ variance on synthetic data versus ≈4% for tool identity, and k-nearest-neighbor (kNN) purity predicted accuracy near-linearly (R² = 0.85–0.99).

Transcriptionally distinct atypical B cell populations contribute to insulin autoreactivity and show differential activation, isotype switching, and somatic hypermutation in early-stage type 1 diabetes individuals

B cells from 24 early-stage type 1 diabetes individuals include four atypical clusters differing in switching and mutation; Cluster 10 had the highest insulin-binding antibody rate (5/16).

Accurate ab initio gene prediction in eukaryotes with Tiberius in multiple clades

Extended Tiberius models outscore Helixer and ANNEVO on all 33 genomes from the five clades all three tools cover, and approach BRAKER3 accuracy in four clades without extrinsic evidence.

Signaling by a tyrosine-sulfated peptide balances growth and osmotic stress response in rice

Overexpressing rice peptide OsPSY8 lengthens roots but lowers osmotic stress survival, while knockout raises it; OsWRKY24 represses the OsPSY8 promoter and is induced by PEG.

Oligo(uridine) tailing and exonucleolytic decay drive 40S ribosome degradation in response to stress

In starved HEK293T cells, RIOK3 recruits TUT7 and DIS3L2 to 40S ribosomes; TUT7 adds 3′ oligo(U) tails to 18S rRNA and DIS3L2 degrades it 3′ to 5′.

A dichotomous family of Cache domain proteins evolved through c-type heme acquisition

Cache sensor domains of DUF3365/Tll0287 family bind covalent c-type heme through a CXXCH insertion; a signaling member behaves like an NO sensor, a stand-alone one like a redox protein.

Comprehensive Lineage Tracing Maps the Landscape of Cell Fate Decisions in Mouse Embryogenesis

Prime-editing lineage trees for 16 mouse embryos (E7.5 to E10.0, >1.4 million cells) quantify fate restriction timing, progenitor numbers and lineage relationships, and are reproducible across replicate embryos.

A novel phylogenetic comparative model reveals strong signals for early high disparity in ichthyosaurs

Combining Early Burst and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, an Early High Disparity model best fits ichthyosaur skull length across 108 phylogenies, placing median peak disparity at 231.1 Ma.

Fast pace of life is associated with host status in small mammals, despite pervasive surveillance bias

Arenavirus and hantavirus surveillance in small mammals tracks night-lights and accessibility; after adjusting for effort, fast-lived and synanthropic species are somewhat more often detected as hosts.

Misleading inference of schistosome epidemiology from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial DNA

Whole-genome SNVs from Nigerian schistosomes show cox1/ITS genotyping wrongly flags human-derived parasites as recent hybrids or zoonotic infections; they are S. haematobium with low livestock introgression.

Physics and Morphology Constrained Quantitative Susceptibility Based Segmentation of Cerebral Veins

Dipole-field physics and Frangi vesselness losses lift QSM vein segmentation to centreline Dice 0.70 (U-Net 0.57); derived venous OEF tracks calibrated fMRI better than vessel filtering.

Virophage-like viruses replicate with a candidate phycodnavirus of C. parva

Two polinton-like viruses, Larry and Curly, replicated in C. parva cultures only with the Algavirales phycodnavirus CpV-BQ1, not with the Imitervirales virus CpV-BQ3, and they reduced BQ1 replication.

Predicted Effector Gene Aggregation, Standards and Unified Schema (PEGASUS): A Community Framework for Effector Gene Reporting

PEGASUS defines a community reporting standard for GWAS predicted effector genes: a metadata record, a full locus-by-gene evidence matrix, and a derived author-prioritised gene list.

Multiscale harmonization, semantic integration, and immersive exploration of single-cell data in support of novel biological insights

A free Meta Quest virtual reality app harmonizes CODEX, Visium, Xenium, volumetric immunofluorescence and electron microscopy data from 5 organs into 4 scale levels using the Human Reference Atlas.

Tfh dysfunction is associated with poor responses to HBV vaccination

HBV vaccine-draining lymph node biopsies tie low antibody titers to reduced, interferon-skewed GNG4+ germinal center T follicular helper cells; public B cell clonotypes did not track response.