T. J. Hope

TGF-β blockade drives a transitional effector phenotype in T cells reversing SIV latency and decreasing SIV reservoirs in vivo

TGF-β blockade with galunisertib reverses SIV latency, reduces viral reservoirs, and enhances immune responses in ART-treated macaques without systemic inflammation.

Temporal and spatial characterization of HIV/SIV infection at anorectal mucosa using rhesus macaque rectal challenge model

The study investigates HIV/SIV infection in rhesus macaques, identifying early infected cell types and tissue-specific changes in the anorectal mucosa.

Contribution of 6mer seed toxicity to HIV-1 induced cytopathicity

This paper identifies HIV-encoded miRNA HIV-miR-TAR-3p as a cytotoxic factor that induces cell death via DISE through a noncanonical 6mer seed, revealing a mechanism for HIV-induced cytopathicity.

Blockade of TGF-β signaling reactivates HIV-1/SIV reservoirs and immune responses in vivo

This study shows that blocking TGF-β signaling increases HIV-1 and SIV reactivation and boosts immune responses in infected individuals on ART.

An immunoPET probe to SARS-CoV-2 reveals early infection of the male genital tract in rhesus macaques

This paper uses immunoPET to track SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, revealing infection of the male genital tract and differences in lung pathology between SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Localization of infection in neonatal rhesus macaques after oral viral challenge

This study uses PET and fluorescent microscopy to track HIV distribution in neonatal rhesus macaques after oral challenge, showing virions localize to the rectal mucosa by four hours and the intestine contains the most infected cells at 96 hours.

Simultaneous in vivo Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of TDF Intravaginal Ring during High-dose Vaginal SHIV Challenge in Pigtail Macaques

This study examines TFV distribution and protection efficacy of a TDF IVR in macaques during high-dose SIV challenge, finding uneven TFV distribution and incomplete protection.

Effective prophylaxis of COVID-19 in rhesus macaques using a combination of two parentally-administered SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies

This study shows that a combination of two SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies prevents COVID-19 in rhesus macaques, with full protection at a higher dose and partial protection at lower doses.

Th17 T cells and immature dendritic cells are the preferential initial targets after rectal challenge with an SIV-based replication-defective dual-reporter vector

This study identifies Th17 T cells and immature dendritic cells as the primary initial targets of HIV/SIV rectal transmission using a dual-reporter vector in rhesus macaques.

PET/CT targeted tissue sampling reveals virus specific dIgA can alter the distribution and localization of HIV after rectal exposure

The paper uses PET/CT and fluorescent microscopy to show dIgA increases HIV virion distribution and penetration in colorectal tissue and lymph nodes after exposure.

Circulating ACE2-expressing Exosomes Block SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection as an Innate Antiviral Mechanism

The paper shows that ACE2-expressing exosomes in plasma block SARS-CoV-2 infection by competing with cellular ACE2, offering a new innate antiviral mechanism.

Correlated cryogenic fluorescence microscopy and electron cryotomography shows that exogenous TRIM5α can form hexagonal lattices or autophagy aggregates in vivo

The paper uses cryo-CLEM to show TRIM5α forms hexagonal lattices and autophagy-related structures in mammalian cells.

A Subcutaneous Implant of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate Causes Local Inflammation and Tissue Necrosis in Rabbits and Macaques

This study evaluates a subcutaneous TAF implant for HIV prevention, finding it achieves sustained drug levels but causes severe local inflammation and necrosis in rabbits and macaques.

Longitudinal bioluminescent imaging of HIV-1 infection during antiretroviral therapy and treatment interruption in humanized mice

This study uses bioluminescent imaging to monitor HIV-1 infection dynamics in humanized mice during and after antiretroviral therapy, showing rebound in previously infected lymphoid tissues.

Distinguishing Signal From Autofluorescence In Cryogenic Correlated Light And Electron Microscopy Of Mammalian Cells

The paper develops a method to distinguish fluorescent signals from autofluorescence in cryo-CLEM of mammalian cells using spectral differences.