SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

The paper shows that the SARS-CoV-2 variant PJ.2.1 has high ACE2-binding capability but limited immune evasion, suggesting structural changes that may enable future immune escape.

The paper investigates how specific mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 N/ORF9b gene affect host immune responses and infection outcomes using recombinant viruses.

The paper analyzes SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variation in a university cohort to infer transmission events and assess within-host evolution, finding limited transmission of variants and evidence of positive selection at a recurrent site.

This paper introduces antiGen, a machine learning model that forecasts viral mutations from phylogenetic trees, achieving state-of-the-art results for SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.

This study develops multivalent anti-ACE2 nanobodies that broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses with high potency and efficacy in animal models.

This study examines the transcriptomic and microbial changes in American bison during experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection, identifying differential gene expression and microbiome shifts associated with immune and inflammatory responses.

The paper designs truncated nsp8 proteins to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by disrupting the nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 complex through competitive binding.

This study examines how SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies differ in function, showing that neutralizing antibodies lose effectiveness against variants but retain effector functions, while non-neutralizers remain broadly reactive but less effective overall.

This study shows that intranasal vaccination with a synthetic spike protein and adjuvants elicits durable mucosal IgA and protects against zoonotic SARS-like coronaviruses.

The paper develops potent SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 inhibitors through a direct-to-biology approach, improving the potency of GS-441524 to KP-S54 with IC50 values of 44 nM and 91 nM against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV Mac1, respectively.

This study evaluates antibody responses after a KP.2 spike mRNA vaccine dose, showing durable and broadly cross-reactive immunity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, but reduced neutralizing activity against some emerging subvariants.

The paper models SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics in human cells, identifies key bottlenecks, and evaluates antiviral drug effects using mathematical modeling and experimental data.

This study shows selenium deficiency in mice increases viral mutation diversity and generates mutations seen in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic variants.

This paper designs an mRNA vaccine with fused SARS-CoV-2 RBDs from different variants to elicit cross-reactive antibodies without extensive somatic hypermutation.

This study identifies CAPRIN1's localization to MVB-like egress compartments in SARS-CoV-2 infection and shows its role in limiting cytopathic effects.

This paper develops a scarless genome engineering system for SARS-CoV-2 to study protease inhibitors and drug resistance mechanisms, showing improved antiviral potency when combined with drug efflux inhibitors.

This study identifies two antibodies that recognize conserved SARS-CoV-2 RBD epitopes, revealing structural mechanisms for broad neutralization and escape pathways.

This study identifies key ACE2 residues that influence sarbecovirus infectivity in African Rhinolophus bats and reports novel ACE2 sequences from R. simulator and R. blasii.

The paper investigates how IGHV3-53/3-66 antibodies from Omicron BA.1 infection neutralize emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants through structural and mutational analysis.

This study identifies critical residues in SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 that determine viral pathogenicity in mice by reducing replication and immune response severity.

This study shows that the coronavirus nuclease NSP15 drives insertion mutations, which can enhance viral transmissibility, as seen in the SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site.

This study shows that certain antibodies promote syncytia formation between immune cells and infected lung cells, driving inflammation in severe COVID-19.

The paper shows that vaccine imprinting influences susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 variants in children by linking immune history, antibody neutralization, and infection risk.

This study evaluates the antibody evasion and receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 variants PQ.16.1.1 and RK.1, finding reduced ACE2 engagement but increased immune evasion.

This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 enhances upper respiratory tract inflammation and virus shedding, promoting transmission by modulating type-I interferon signaling.

Epitope-focused S2 stem-helix nanoparticle immunogens elicit protective broadly neutralizing antibodies against diverse betacoronaviruses in non-human primates, establishing a framework for pan-betacoronavirus vaccines.

This paper describes the directed evolution of an antibody to enhance its binding affinity for MERS-CoV, resulting in cross-neutralization against multiple betacoronaviruses.

This study identifies spike and host glycan determinants of HKU1 airway tropism by showing preferential binding to 9-O-acetylated 2,8-linked disialosides and structural insights into ligand recognition.