Discover, rate, and verify biology preprints.

White matter geometry confounds Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) measures

Radial diffusivity asymmetry driving DTI-ALPS indices pervades white matter, persists at high b-values, and tracks crossing fibers, axonal undulation and dispersion rather than perivascular diffusion.

A balanced CAR-T cell metabolism driven by CD28 or 4-1BB co-stimulation correlates with clinical success in lymphoma patients

Ex vivo profiling of patient CD19 CAR-T cells shows CD28 products skew glycolytic and effector-like while 4-1BB products favor OXPHOS; complete responders show balanced metabolism.

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Trade-offs in SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors Unveiled through Machine Learning and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

SVM and logistic regression classifiers of Mpro inhibitor potency reach test ROC AUC 0.86 and 0.83; potency favours hydrophilic compounds, trading off against drug-likeness.

Scutellarin inhibits ferroptosis by promoting cellular antioxidant capacity through regulating the Nrf2 signaling

Scutellarin suppresses RSL3- and erastin-induced ferroptosis in human HK-2 cells and mouse macrophages via Nrf2 upregulation, and reduces folic acid-induced kidney injury in mice.

scRepertoire 2: Enhanced and Efficient Toolkit for Single-Cell Immune Profiling

R package rebuild for single-cell T/B cell receptor analysis: Rcpp rewrites reportedly make clonal pairing and edit-distance clustering scale linearly; adds auto-detected multi-format import, AIRR-compatible export, CDR3 summaries.

Modality specific memory enhancement in Heliconius butterflies

Heliconius butterflies retain odour associations over eight days no better than outgroup Heliconiini, contrasting with their superior visual long-term memory, consistent with a modality-specific memory enhancement.

Significant variations in tolerance to clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus populations during a dramatic malaria resurgence despite sustained indoor residual spraying in Uganda

In Tororo, Uganda, An. funestus tolerated clothianidin-sprayed walls better than An. gambiae yet was killed on pirimiphos-methyl walls up to 7 months post-spray, implicating it in the malaria resurgence.

DNA Specimen Preservation using DESS and DNA Extraction in Museum Collections: A Case Study Report

DESS (DMSO/EDTA/saturated NaCl) kept DNA at room temperature in animals, seagrasses and a brown alga, even after evaporating from bird muscle, but dissolves gastropod shells and holothurian ossicles.

Charting the molecular landscape of neuronal organisation within the hippocampus using cryo electron tomography

Xenon plasma FIB cryo lift-out from high-pressure-frozen mouse hippocampal slices up to 200 µm thick enables fluorescence-guided cryoET of CA1 synapses and apical dendrite cytoskeleton.

Unsupervised learning reveals rapid gait adaption after leg loss and regrowth in spiders

Gait-space clustering shows juvenile tarantulas losing two same-tetrapod legs immediately adopt variable tripod-like gaits, regaining pre-autotomy speed within a day without evidence of learning.

Boltz-2: Towards Accurate and Efficient Binding Affinity Prediction

Boltz-2 predicts protein–ligand affinity from its co-folded structures, nearing free-energy perturbation accuracy (average Pearson 0.66 on a 4-target FEP+ subset) at over 1000× lower compute.

Buca della Iena and Grotta del Capriolo: new chronological, lithic, and faunal analyses of two late Mousterian sites in Central Italy

Radiocarbon dates place late Mousterian use of two northwestern Tuscan caves within 50-40 ka cal BP, with Buca della Iena occupied from about 47 to 42.5 ka cal BP.

Multiplexed perturbation of yew reveals cryptic proteins that enable a total biosynthesis of baccatin III and Taxol precursors

A multiplexed perturbation and single-nucleus RNA-seq screen of Taxus needles found eight new Taxol pathway genes, including FoTO1, enabling baccatin III and a late Taxol precursor in N. benthamiana.

Alveolar epithelial cell plasticity and injury memory in human pulmonary fibrosis

Single-nucleus multiomic and ex vivo lung slice profiling of human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis identifies Alveolar Intermediate cells bridging alveolar and Aberrant Basaloid states and reveals AP-1 chromatin injury memory.

Type-II kinase inhibitors that target Parkinson's Disease-associated LRRK2

Hybrid type-II inhibitors RN277 and RN341 target inactive LRRK2 with far fewer kinase off-targets than Rebastinib, preserve S935 phosphorylation, and rescue kinesin motility in vitro.

Antigenic and Virological Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Variant BA.3.2, XFG, and NB.1.8.1

SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.3.2 strongly evades neutralizing antibodies but exhibits low infectivity due to a closed spike conformation, whereas NB.1.8.1 combines high ACE2 affinity with humoral immune escape.

The kinetics of bedaquiline diffusion in tuberculous cavities opens a window for emergence of resistance.

Rabbit lesion microdissection and pharmacokinetic modeling show bedaquiline takes months to reach deep caseum and years to clear, while TBAJ-587 and TBAJ-876 shorten these windows.

Increased Inflammation as well as Decreased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Translation Differentiate Pancreatic Islets of Pre-symptomatic Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes and Non-diabetic Cases

Laser-microdissected islets of 3 multiple-autoantibody-positive stage 1 type 1 diabetes donors versus matched controls show 202 altered proteins: immune and glycolytic up, translation and ER-stress proteins down.

Biomni: A General-Purpose Biomedical AI Agent

An LLM agent with a literature-mined environment of 150 tools, 105 packages and 59 databases plans in code, matching reported human accuracy on database and sequence question answering.

The role of ERFVIIs as oxygen-sensing transducers in the evolution of land plant response to hypoxia

Hypoxic induction of glycolysis and fermentation genes spans the land plant divisions tested, while oxygen-regulated group VII Ethylene Response Factors (ERFVIIs) carrying Cys2 occur only in vascular plants.