S. R. Weiss

SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease antagonizes dsRNA-induced antiviral signaling

This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 inhibits dsRNA-induced antiviral signaling, which is necessary for viral replication in nasal epithelial cultures.

Interferon signaling in the nasal epithelium distinguishes among lethal and common cold respiratory viruses and is critical for viral clearance

The paper examines how interferon signaling in nasal epithelial cells differentiates between common cold and lethal respiratory viruses, showing its role in viral clearance.

Activation of Protein Kinase R (PKR) Plays a Pro-Viral Role in Mammarenavirus Infected Cells

This study shows that PKR activation can both restrict and enhance LCMV replication, revealing a complex role for PKR in mammarenavirus infection.

The vaccinia virus E3L dsRNA binding protein detects distinct production patterns of exogenousand endogenous dsRNA

The paper develops recombinant E3L proteins to detect A-dsRNA and Z-dsRNA from viral infections and endogenous mutations, revealing distinct detection patterns for different dsRNA conformations.

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in primary human nasal cultures demonstrates Delta as most cytopathic and Omicron as fastest replicating

The paper compares SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in nasal and lung cultures, finding Omicron replicates fastest and Delta causes most cellular damage.

Regulatory T Cell-like Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Jamaican Fruit Bats Transduced with Human ACE2

This study shows Jamaican fruit bats are poorly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 but develop a regulatory T cell-like immune response when transduced with human ACE2, leading to lung infection without overt disease.

Infection of primary nasal epithelial cells differentiates among lethal and seasonal human coronaviruses

This study compares the infection effects of lethal and seasonal human coronaviruses in nasal epithelial cells, finding differences in cytotoxicity and barrier disruption.

Detection and Interspecies Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant (AY.3) in Feces from a Domestic Cat and Human Samples

The paper detects and sequences SARS-CoV-2 delta variant AY.3 in a domestic cat's fecal samples, showing genetic divergence from human samples.

SARS-CoV-2 diverges from other betacoronaviruses in only partially activating the IRE1α/XBP1 ER stress pathway in human lung-derived cells

This study compares how SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses activate the IRE1α/XBP1 ER stress pathway in human lung cells, finding that SARS-CoV-2 only partially activates it, potentially evading host immune detection.

MERS-CoV endoribonuclease and accessory proteins jointly evade host innate immunity during infection of lung and nasal epithelial cells

This study shows that MERS-CoV's EndoU and accessory proteins NS4a/NS4b together suppress innate immunity, enabling viral replication, unlike SARS-CoV-2 which activates these pathways.

Multiplexed detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA using in situ hybridization

This paper develops an RNA FISH HCR platform to visualize SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA in autopsy tissues and identifies infected cell types in human lung tissue.

Specificity and Mechanism of Coronavirus, Rotavirus and Mammalian Two-Histidine-Phosphoesterases That Antagonize Antiviral Innate Immunity

This study investigates the biochemical activities and evolutionary relationships of 2,5-oligoadenylate-degrading enzymes from coronaviruses, rotaviruses, and mammalian AKAP7, revealing their role in antagonizing antiviral innate immunity.

Glucosidase inhibitors suppress SARS-CoV-2 in tissue culture and may potentiate

This study shows iminosugar glucosidase inhibitors suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in tissue culture and enhance Remdesivir's effect.

SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial derived cells and cardiomyocytes

This study investigates how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with host antiviral pathways in respiratory and cardiac cells, finding it activates OAS-RNase L and PKR but not IFN, contrasting with MERS-CoV.

Physiologic RNA Targets and Refined Sequence Specificity of Coronavirus EndoU

This study identifies the RNA targets of Coronavirus EndoU, showing it cleaves viral RNA at UA and CA sequences to suppress antiviral responses.

The host antiviral ribonuclease L protein supports Zika virus replication factory formation to enhance infectious virus production

This study shows RNase L supports ZIKV replication factory formation, enhancing infectious virus production, but inhibits other flaviviruses like dengue and West Nile.

Mouse hepatitis virus nsp14 exoribonuclease activity is required for resistance to innate immunity

This study shows that MHV nsp14 exoribonuclease activity is necessary for resisting innate immunity by affecting viral RNA and modifications.

Replication defective viral genomes exploit a cellular pro-survival mechanism to establish paramyxovirus persistence

This study shows replication defective viral genomes (DVGs) protect certain cells from death and promote viral persistence by activating a TNF-mediated survival pathway during infection.