Influenza Virus Research Studies

Data gaps of international databases on HPAI H5 in wildlife in the Americas: implications for surveillance, research, and conservation

The paper evaluates gaps in international databases on HPAI H5 in wildlife in the Americas, finding significant discrepancies in data representation across sources.

Migratory bird and marine mammal surveillance fails to find evidence for an HPAI H5N1 2.3.4.4b incursion into Australia in 2025

The study conducted migratory bird and marine mammal surveillance in 2025 and found no evidence of HPAI H5N1 2.3.4.4b in Australia, though low pathogenicity avian influenza was detected.

Surveillance of migratory shorebirds and seabirds in 2024 in Australia reveals incursions of a diversity of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses, but not high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1

The study surveils migratory shorebirds and seabirds in Australia in 2024, finding no HPAI H5N1 but detecting diverse LPAI viruses, including mosaic H3N7 and H4N7 from Red-necked Stints and a Eurasian H1N7.

A precision-cut lung slice platform for evaluating respiratory virus replication dynamics

This paper introduces a precision-cut lung slice platform to study respiratory virus replication and disease mechanisms, showing it supports viral replication and immune responses in a physiologically relevant manner.

Strain-specific differences in the response to egg-derived versus recombinant protein influenza vaccines

This study compares neutralizing antibody titers from egg-derived and recombinant protein influenza vaccines against diverse H1N1 strains, finding that egg-derived vaccines induce less boost against a new clade with specific antigenic mutations.

Two epidemics, one genotype, different outcomes: evolutionary changes of Avian Influenza H5N1, genotype EA-2024-DI

The paper tracks the evolution of Avian Influenza H5N1 genotype EA-2024-DI across three epidemic waves, showing changes in transmission patterns and increased mammalian host adaptation.

The Q226H Mutation in Avian H5N1 Hemagglutinin Mediates a Path towards Structural Adaptation in Humans

The paper shows that the Q226H mutation in H5N1 hemagglutinin allows binding to human-type a2-6 sialic acid receptors, suggesting a path towards human adaptation.

Zoonotic infections and genomic evolution associated with novel reassortants swine-origin influenza A viruses in Spain

This study analyzes the genomic evolution and zoonotic potential of swine-origin influenza A viruses in Spain, identifying novel reassortants and highlighting human-swine viral transmission.

Understanding the emergence of the influenza A/H3N2 K subclade in its historical and evolutionary context

The paper investigates the emergence of the influenza A/H3N2 K subclade, finding limited antigenic change and age-dependent vaccine responses, suggesting non-antigenic selection pressures.

Predicting Influenza Virus Host Tropism and Zoonotic Spillover Risk from Protein Sequences

This paper predicts influenza virus host tropism and zoonotic spillover risk using protein sequence embeddings, achieving high precision and recall scores across multiple host classifications.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Virus Introductions and Regional Spread in the Republic of Korea

This study uses genomic data to analyze the spatiotemporal spread of HPAI H5 viruses in poultry and wild birds in South Korea, identifying key factors driving virus introduction and farm-to-farm transmission.

A bovine-derived influenza A virus (H5N1) shows efficient replication in well-differentiated human nasal epithelial cells at the temperature of the upper airways

This study shows that a bovine-derived H5N1 virus replicates efficiently in human nasal epithelial cells at both 37°C and 33°C, with specific mutations enhancing replication at lower temperatures.

Influenza virus Non Structural protein 1 (NS1) Chaperones Nucleoprotein (NP) Oligomerization to Coordinate Ribonucleoprotein Assembly and Genome Replication

This study identifies a noncanonical role of NS1 in chaperoning NP oligomerization and RNP assembly during influenza virus replication.

Direct Virus-Bacteria Binding Enhances Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Colonisation and Bacterial-Driven Immune Activation During H3N8 Equine Influenza A Virus Co-Infection

This study investigates H3N8 equine influenza A virus and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus co-infections, showing direct virus-bacteria binding enhances bacterial colonization and immune activation in specific cell types.

Modelling between-cell heterogeneity in within-host influenza virus infection

The paper develops a mathematical model to study how cell tropism affects viral fitness in influenza, showing tradeoffs and the importance of measuring cell type proportions with viral load.

Genome-wide computational prediction of miRNAs encoded by influenza A virus (H3N2) predicts target genes involved in pulmonary and antiviral innate immunity

A Panel of Human Monoclonal Antibodies for Tracking the Antigenic Evolution of Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b

This study generates 19 human monoclonal antibodies to track antigenic evolution of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, identifying epitope-specific neutralization patterns and antigenic differences between viral genotypes.

Membrane-anchored influenza neuraminidase vaccine drives human-like broadly protective B cell responses

This study develops a membrane-anchored influenza neuraminidase vaccine that elicits human-like broadly protective B cell responses and cross-inhibitory activity against diverse NA variants.

Outbreak of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in lesser rhea in Peru, June-July 2025

The paper reports the first known outbreak of H9N2 avian influenza in lesser rhea in Peru, identifies the virus as low pathogenic North American strain, and finds mutations potentially linked to increased virulence and host adaptation.

Pre-existing systemic and nasal antibodies against avian H5 influenza A viruses vary according to childhood imprinting

The paper examines pre-existing antibodies against avian H5 influenza A viruses in individuals born between 1928-1999, showing variations based on childhood exposure and birth year.

H5N1 2.3.4.4b HA E190D and Q226H mutations, picked up as minority variants in a patient, result in an inability to bind sialic acid.

The paper shows that E190D and Q226H mutations in H5N1 HA reduce sialic acid binding across multiple H5 backgrounds.

G4 Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses exhibit enhanced pathogenicity potential in mice and pigs

This study isolates and analyzes two G4 Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses, showing they have enhanced pathogenicity in mice and pigs due to molecular features like HA receptor affinity and polymerase activity.

A single PA-X mutation in bovine-origin H5N1 influenza virus reduces pathogenicity in mice

This paper identifies a PA-X mutation in H5N1 influenza virus that reduces pathogenicity in mice by modulating immune responses rather than polymerase activity.

Counting Cases, Conserving Species: Addressing Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Wildlife

This paper assesses the impact of HPAI on wildlife, highlights data gaps, and advocates for integrated monitoring frameworks to improve outbreak prediction and conservation.

Variable transmission efficiency of mammalian origin HPAI D1.1 H5N1 strains in ferrets

The paper assesses transmission efficiency of D1.1 H5N1 strains in ferrets, finding only one human isolate efficiently transmits, linked to the PB2 D701N mutation.

Weak selection and stochastic processes limit the emergence of antigenic variants during household transmission of influenza A viruses

This study examines influenza A virus evolution during household transmission, finding weak selection and stochastic processes dominate, with no clear evidence of antigenic variant selection during transmission.

Pathogenesis and immune responses to Eurasian avian like H1N1 and influenza D virus in pigs.

This study compares the pathogenesis and immune responses of EAavH1N1 and IDV in pigs, finding distinct viral kinetics and immune activation profiles.

Zoonotic and Avian Pathogen Detections in Fecal and Sediment Samples - A Low-risk, High-throughput One Health Approach to Surveillance

This study detects zoonotic and avian pathogens in fecal and sediment samples from wild birds using a low-risk, high-throughput One Health approach, finding IAV and H5N1 prevalence in both sample types.

Evaluating the use of siRNA to silence the expression of the H5N2 virus polymerase genes as strategy to block the transmission of the avian H5N2 virus in mammalian cells.

This study evaluates siRNA targeting H5N2 virus polymerase genes to block virus transmission in mammalian cells, finding that effective siRNAs reduce mRNA levels and inhibit viral replication.

Opposing cell type preferences for binding and replication shape influenza A virus infection in human airways

This study shows avian IAVs preferentially bind ciliated cells but replicate similarly in secretory and ciliated cells, while human IAVs bind ciliated cells but replicate more efficiently in secretory cells due to ANP32 usage.