Immune Response and Inflammation

Nucleotide-derived bacterial alarmones attenuate the induction of type-I interferon responses in a murine macrophage reporter cell line

This study shows that bacterial alarmones (p)ppGpp reduce type-I interferon responses in macrophages without affecting NF-kB activation.

Translocation of gut Enterococcus faecalis trains myeloid bone marrow progenitors via the C-type lectin receptor Mincle

This study shows that gut Enterococcus faecalis induces trained immunity in myeloid bone marrow progenitors via the C-type lectin receptor Mincle, contributing to inflammation linked to gut permeability.

Interleukin 10 controls the balance between tolerance, pathogen elimination and immunopathology in birds.

This study investigates the role of IL10 in avian mucosal immunity by generating IL10-deficient chickens, showing altered microbiome composition and enhanced pathogen clearance with increased inflammation.

Kinetic and structure-based comparisons of silent and stimulatory flagellin interactions with TLR5

The paper compares the binding kinetics and structural features of silent and stimulatory flagellin variants with TLR5, identifying structural differences that explain their distinct immune responses.

Differential TLR-ERK1/2 activity promotes viral ssRNA and dsRNA mimic-induced dysregulated immunity in macrophages

This study shows that differential TLR-ERK1/2 activity drives dysregulated immunity in macrophages induced by viral RNA mimics.

RIPK2 is crucial for the microglial inflammatory response to bacterial muramyl dipeptide but not to lipopolysaccharide

This study shows that RIPK2 is essential for microglial inflammatory responses to MDP but not to LPS.

Massively parallel screening of TIR-derived peptides reveals vast TLR-targeting immunomodulatory peptides

The paper identifies TIR-binding peptides that inhibit TLR signaling and show anti-inflammatory effects using a parallel screening method.

IRAK2 deficiency causes a new immune dysregulation disorder

IRAK2 deficiency causes immune dysregulation by disrupting TLR signaling and activating type I interferon responses in monocyte-macrophage lineage.

Distinct Mechanisms of T3SS Recognition Control LTB4 Synthesis in Neutrophils versus Macrophages

This study identifies distinct signaling pathways in neutrophils and macrophages for T3SS-mediated LTB4 synthesis, revealing differences in immune cell responses to bacterial infections.

Recognition of phylogenetically diverse pathogens through enzymatically amplified recruitment of RNF213

This study identifies how RNF213 recognizes diverse pathogens through enzymatic amplification of cooperative recruitment.

Divergence of the Individual repeats in the leucine-rich repeat domains of human Toll-like receptors explain their diversity and functional adaptations.

This study shows how small variations in LRR repeats of human TLRs lead to structural and functional diversity, enabling recognition of different ligands and immune responses.

Hypoxia-mediated fine-tuning of the TLR7/9-triggered human PDC-derived IFN-α response is mediated by combined cellular and soluble IFN-regulators

The paper shows hypoxia reduces IFN-α secretion from PDCs but preserves their production capacity, mediated by soluble factors and cell contact mechanisms.

Endogenous retroviruses activate MARCO-mediated inflammatory response to block retroviral infection

The paper shows chicken-specific ERVs activate MARCO-mediated TLR3-IL-1β inflammatory response to block exogenous retrovirus infection.

Peucedanol ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and CLP-induced sepsis in mice by inhibiting TLR4/myD88/NF-κB pathway

This study shows that Peucedanol reduces inflammation in LPS-treated cells and sepsis in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/myD88/NF-κB pathway and improving intestinal flora.

Sequence and structural analysis of adaptors of Toll-like receptor 4 sheds light on the evolutionary trajectory and functional emergence

The paper analyzes the sequence and structural features of TLR4 adaptors to understand their evolutionary development and functional roles across species.

Zebrafish use conserved CLR and TLR signaling pathways to respond to fungal PAMPs in zymosan

This study identifies conserved CLR and TLR signaling pathways in zebrafish larvae that recognize fungal PAMPs and activate NF-κB, informing models of human fungal infections.

S100A9 interacts with a dynamic region on CD14 to activate Toll-like receptor 4.

This study identifies how S100A9 interacts with CD14 to activate TLR4, showing CD14-dependent TLR4 internalization and a dynamic binding site on CD14 that overlaps with LPS binding.

Activity of Salmonella SPI-1 inhibits the TLR4-dependent transcriptional but not translational response during macrophage infection

Mitochondrial genes affect the immune response against bacterial infection (Duck Pasteurellosis) through a cascade of mechanisms mediated by nuclear immune genes- a cross talk with nuclear and mitochondrial gene

The paper investigates how mitochondrial genes cytochrome B and C contribute to immune response against Duck Pasteurellosis through nuclear gene-mediated mechanisms.

p38γ and p38δ modulate innate immune response by regulating MEF2D activation

This study shows that p38γ and p38δ regulate innate immune responses by modulating MEF2D phosphorylation and transcriptional activity in mice.

LPCAT2 Regulates CD14 Expression During Macrophage Inflammatory Response to E. coli O111:B4.

This study shows that LPCAT2 regulates CD14 expression in macrophages, affecting their inflammatory response to E. coli O111:B4.

Distinct gene programs underpinning 'disease tolerance' and 'resistance' in influenza virus infection

The paper identifies two distinct gene programs associated with disease tolerance and resistance in influenza virus infection using mouse strain data.

Inborn errors E778K and G908R in NOD2 gene increase risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: a computational study

This study identifies two NOD2 gene variants, E778K and G908R, as increasing susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial infections through computational analysis of their structural and functional impacts.

The infection-tolerant mammalian reservoir of Lyme disease and other zoonoses broadly counters the inflammatory effects of endotoxin

This study compares the inflammatory responses of two rodent species to LPS, finding differences in cytokine profiles and metabolic pathways that suggest infection tolerance mechanisms in the deermouse.

In silico analyses on the comparative sensing of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA by intracellular TLRs of human

This study uses in-silico methods to analyze how SARS-CoV-2 mRNA interacts with human intracellular TLRs, identifying specific viral proteins that may trigger immune responses.

A sustained small increase in NOD1 expression promotes ligand-independent oncogenic activity

A small increase in NOD1 expression leads to cancer-promoting changes in cell state by promoting persistent inflammation and oncogene expression.

Molecular characterization of RIGI, TLR7 and TLR3 as immune response gene of indigenous ducks in response to Avian influenza

The paper investigates the antiviral potential of duck immune response genes TLR3, TLR7, and RIGI against Avian influenza using in silico molecular docking.

Convergent losses of TLR5 suggest altered extracellular flagellin detection in four mammalian lineages

The paper identifies convergent loss of TLR5 in four mammalian lineages and shows TLR11 is also absent, suggesting reduced ability to detect extracellular flagellin.

Extended insight into the preponderance of LRRs - a docking & simulation study with members of the TLR1 subfamily

The paper investigates the structural and functional properties of LRRs in TLR1 subfamily members through phylogenetic analysis, chimera creation, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Insights into the evolution of extracellular leucine-rich repeats in metazoans with special reference to Toll-like receptor 4

The paper analyzes the evolution of extracellular leucine-rich repeats in metazoan Toll-like receptor 4, showing distinct clade formation and varying selection pressures across repeats.