Immune Response and Inflammation

Total, not isoform-specific, Lyn expression by macrophages promotes TLR activation and restricts proliferation

The paper shows that both LynA and LynB restrict macrophage proliferation and drive TLR-induced ECM-remodeling and inflammatory cytokine production.

Differential methanogenic archaea-induced TLR8-dependent signaling is governed by NF-κB p65- and STAT1/2-controlled gene classes

The paper identifies differential TLR8-dependent immune responses induced by two methanogenic archaea, showing distinct gene-class activation patterns controlled by NF-κB p65 and STAT1/2.

A dual role for PGLYRP1 in host defense and immune regulation during B. pertussis infection

This study identifies a dual role for PGLYRP1 in modulating immune responses to B. pertussis, both enhancing antibacterial defenses and dampening inflammation.

Wall teichoic acid is required for DNA-triggered innate immune receptor activation by Staphylococcus aureus

This study identifies wall teichoic acid (WTA) as a key mediator of DNA release from Staphylococcus aureus during infection, influencing activation of innate immune receptors.

TLR9 signaling requires ligand-induced phosphorylation of two specific tyrosine residues by EGFR and Syk

This study identifies that TLR9 activation requires phosphorylation of two specific tyrosine residues by EGFR and Syk, which is critical for downstream signaling.

Past viral infections can shape inter-individual variability in anti-viral TLR responses

This study links past viral infections to variability in anti-viral TLR responses by combining serological data with functional immune profiling.

Identifying pyrogenic contaminants using transcriptomic profiling of monocyte activation test with machine learning

This paper uses bulk RNA sequencing and machine learning to classify pyrogenic contaminants by analyzing monocyte activation signatures.

B. pertussis, tracheal cytotoxin biases NOD signaling to suppress IL-1 mediated inflammation and evade adaptive immunity

This study shows that B. pertussis releases tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), which biases NOD1 over NOD2 signaling, suppresses IL-1β inflammation, and evades adaptive immunity.

Chlamydia iron starvation links nutritional immunity to pathogen recognition

This study shows that iron starvation of Chlamydia trachomatis increases host recognition of the pathogen by dysregulating a peptidoglycan enzyme, leading to inflammation and cell death.

Human IRAK kinases differentially alter metabolic regulation and mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This study expresses human IRAK1, IRAK2, and IRAK4 in yeast to analyze their effects on metabolism and mitochondrial function, identifying IRAK4's role in growth inhibition and metabolic deregulation.

Spatio-temporal regulation of ligand trafficking and TLR9 activation involves PIEZO1 mechanosensing in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells

This study identifies PIEZO1 mechanosensing as a key regulator of ligand-specific TLR9 signaling in human pDCs, showing that CpGA induces IFN production via membrane tension and PIEZO1 activation, while CpGB does not.

A human homolog of SIR2 antiphage proteins mediates immunity via the TLR pathway

The paper identifies SIRanc, a human homolog of bacterial antiphage SIR2 proteins, and shows it mediates innate immunity via the TLR pathway by degrading NAD+.

Dermal fibroblast cultures recapitulate differences between deermice and mice in responses to a Toll-like receptor agonist

The paper uses fibroblast cultures from deermice and mice to show differences in innate immune responses and ERV/TE activation to TLR agonists.

Gut microbiota-derived GlcNAc-MurNAc is a TLR4 agonist that protects the host gut

The paper identifies GlcNAc-MurNAc (GM) as a TLR4 agonist derived from gut microbiota that reduces colonic inflammation in mice.

Loss of TLR9 expression in breast cancer tumour cells and its role in the cell cycle.

The paper shows reduced TLR9 expression in breast cancer cells and links it to decreased proliferation and activation of senescence-related factors.

Klebsiella pneumoniae remodels its Kdo2-lipid A in a TLR4-dependent manner to adapt to the macrophage intracellular environment

This study shows Klebsiella pneumoniae modifies its lipid A in response to macrophage environment, enhancing survival and immune evasion through TLR4-dependent mechanisms.

Dendritic cells activate pyroptosis and effector-triggered apoptosis to restrict Legionella infection

This study shows that dendritic cells use pyroptosis and effector-triggered apoptosis to restrict Legionella infection, contrasting with macrophages that support bacterial replication.

Dendritic cell-intrinsic TLR/MyD88 signaling promotes the clearance of a live-attenuated oral vaccine

This study identifies a dendritic cell-intrinsic TLR/MyD88/IL-23 pathway that promotes clearance of a live-attenuated oral vaccine in the large intestine.

GM-CSF engages multiple signaling pathways to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in human monocytes during Legionella infection

This study shows GM-CSF enhances cytokine production in human monocytes during Legionella infection through multiple signaling pathways.

IL-32 drives inflammatory responses in IFN-γ primed human macrophages via a Myddosome-dependent pathway and is elevated in COVID-19

This study identifies IL-32β as a ligand that primes human macrophages for M1-like inflammatory responses via a Myddosome-dependent pathway and shows elevated IL-32 in severe COVID-19.

Aromatic Microbial Metabolite Hippuric Acid Potentiates Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages through TLR-MyD88 Signaling and Lipid Remodeling

This study identifies hippuric acid as a microbial metabolite that enhances pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages via TLR-MyD88 signaling and lipid remodeling, with implications for infection and inflammation.

Interferon-β paracrine signaling mediates synergy between TLR3 and TRIF-independent TLR pathways

This study investigates how TLR2 and TLR3 signaling in macrophages synergistically activate cytokines, showing that IFN-β paracrine signaling mediates some of this synergy.

Crystal structures of human SP-D complexed with synthetic oligosaccharides suggest a role for phosphorylated inner core LPS saccharides in host-pathogen interactions

Persistent endotoxin exposure in macrophages elicits an immunometabolic profile susceptible to NF-kB and p53 perturbation

This study shows that persistent LPS exposure in macrophages leads to a unique immunometabolic profile with altered oxygen consumption, ATP levels, and glycolysis, distinct from short-term LPS responses.

Steady-state phosphorylation of SHIP1 by Lyn restricts macrophage activation in the absence of a phagocytic synapse

The paper shows that Lyn maintains steady-state phosphorylation of SHIP1, balancing Erk and Akt signaling in macrophages, and that phagocytic synapse formation bypasses this requirement.

SLAMF7 and SLAMF8 receptors shape human plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses to intracellular bacteria

This study identifies SLAMF7 and SLAMF8 as key regulators of human pDC responses to intracellular bacteria, showing their role in modulating type I IFN production and mitochondrial ROS levels.

Nanocluster-Mediated Signaling Crosstalk between FcγR and TLR4 in Macrophage Inflammatory Responses

This study investigates how TLR4 and FcγR interact on macrophage surfaces through nanoclusters to enhance inflammatory responses and signaling.

Interrogating the genus Yersinia to define the rules of lipopolysaccharide lipid A structure associated with pathogenicity.

The paper investigates how lipid A modifications in Yersinia species influence pathogenicity by altering TLR4 recognition and inflammation.

Absence of c-Maf and IL-10 enables Type I IFN enhancement of innate responses to low-dose LPS in alveolar macrophages

This study shows alveolar macrophages have reduced LPS responses due to low TLR4/CD14 surface expression and lack IL-10 production, which is enhanced by type I IFN.

Adaptation to Solvent Environment in Toll-like Receptor 5: A Comparative Evolutionary Analysis of Membrane-bound and Soluble Forms in Epinephelus coioides

This study compares the evolutionary adaptation of membrane-bound and soluble TLR5 forms in orange-spotted grouper to understand their solubility and structural differences.