Immune Response and Inflammation

Programmed inhibition of an innate immune receptor via de novo designed transmembrane proteins

This paper designs synthetic proteins that inhibit TLR4 signaling by binding its transmembrane domain, demonstrating the importance of transmembrane interactions in immune signaling.

Modulating Innate Immune Responses to Curli Fibers Through Protein Engineering

This paper engineers E. coli curli fibers to inhibit TLR2 activation, demonstrating that direct receptor antagonism is more effective than steric shielding for immune modulation.

Mechanoreceptors initiate innate immunity in response to microbial infections

The paper reveals a two-tier mechanism of neutrophil recruitment during infections, where mechanosensing initiates innate immunity through PIEZO1 channels and LTB4 production.

Transcriptomic timeseries links hepatic gene expression to an early and self-limited systemic response to enteric infection

Matched liver and colon RNA-seq timeseries during Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice reveal an intimin-dependent hepatic cytokine burst at 3 days that tracks serum cytokine kinetics.

Aquamin a marine derived multi mineral attenuates toll like receptor mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages.

This study shows Aquamin, a marine-derived multi-mineral, dose-dependently reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages by inhibiting TRIF-dependent IRF3 activation.

Notch2 signaling instructs viral and bacterial TLR responsiveness in B cells

This study shows Notch2 signaling enhances TLR3 and TLR4 responsiveness in MZ B cells, promoting immune responses to viral and bacterial pathogens.

Non-canonical TLR signaling restricts cytosolic LPS detection.

This study identifies MARCO as a decoy LPS sensor regulated by non-canonical TLR signaling, which restricts inflammasome activation and prevents excessive inflammation.

IFN-I exacerbates the inflammatory response of epithelial cells to Chlamydia trachomatis infection by enhancing TLR3 expression

This study shows that IFN-I enhances TLR3 expression in epithelial cells, leading to increased inflammation during Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Transcription-based identification of uncharacterized genes in the human immune response

The paper identifies uncharacterized genes differentially expressed in immune cells stimulated by pathogens and links them to rare immune disorders.

Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is required for the formation of GPI-anchored CD14 and modulates the LPS-induced proinflammatory responses of macrophages

This study shows DGKε is essential for GPI-anchored CD14 formation and modulates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages.

Guarding versus self-guarding in innate immunity

The paper uses mathematical models to compare guarding and self-guarding mechanisms in innate immunity, finding self-guarding leads to faster immune responses but higher false positives.

From Monomers to Oligomers: Structural Mechanism of Receptor-Triggered MyD88 Assembly in Innate Immune Signaling

This study reveals the structural mechanism of MyD88 oligomerization in innate immune signaling using cryo-EM and high-speed AFM.

p16High immune cell - controlled disease tolerance as a broad defense and healthspan extending strategy

This study identifies p16High immune cells as critical for disease tolerance, showing they enhance survival in various conditions and extend healthspan by maintaining low adenosine levels.

2'-O-Methyl-guanosine 3-base RNA fragments mediate essential natural TLR7/8 antagonism

The paper identifies 2'-O-methyl-guanosine RNA fragments as natural antagonists of TLR7/8, preventing auto-immunity by inhibiting TLR signaling.

Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage activation to facilitate persistent and polymicrobial wound infections

This paper shows that E. faecalis uses lactic acid to suppress macrophage activation, enabling persistent and polymicrobial wound infections.

Identification and Evaluation of Benzimidazole- Agonists of Innate Immune Receptor NOD2

The paper identifies benzimidazole compounds, including nocodazole, as NOD2 agonists with potential therapeutic benefits over existing MDP-based agonists.

Protection against Poly Microbial Sepsis by Chitin oligomersis fine tuned by N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine residues

This study shows that specific chitin oligomers modulate immune responses in sepsis, with 7-mer providing therapeutic protection in mice.

Chlamydia trachomatis restricts signaling through NOD2 until late in the pathogen's developmental cycle

This study shows Chlamydia trachomatis delays NOD2 signaling until late in its developmental cycle, possibly to avoid immune detection, and suggests PG degradation reduces NOD2 ligand generation.

Flagellin nebulization enhances respiratory immune responses in the porcine model

This study shows that nebulized FLAMOD, a flagellin agonist, induces a robust immune response in pigs without adverse effects, highlighting innate immunity and bacterial defense pathways.

Deep Phenomics of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonist Specific Activation of Human Blood

The paper uses deep phenomics to compare immune cell activation in whole blood and PBMCs, finding neutrophils and NK cells as primary sources of CCL4 production in WB and PBMCs, respectively.

Regulating white blood cell activity through the novel Universal Receptive System

This study demonstrates that targeting newly discovered surface-bound DNA and RNA receptors on leukocytes with Leukocyte-Tells enhances immune cell functions, showing significantly higher antimicrobial and anticancer activities than control leukocytes.

A novel TIRAP-MyD88 inhibitor blocks TLR7- and TLR8-induced type I IFN responses

This study identifies a peptide that inhibits TLR7- and TLR8-induced type I IFN responses by disrupting TIRAP-MyD88 interaction, with species-specific effects observed.

Total, not isoform-specific, Lyn expression by macrophages promotes TLR activation and restricts proliferation

The paper shows that both LynA and LynB restrict macrophage proliferation and drive TLR-induced ECM-remodeling and inflammatory cytokine production.

A dual role for PGLYRP1 in host defense and immune regulation during B. pertussis infection

This study identifies a dual role for PGLYRP1 in modulating immune responses to B. pertussis, both enhancing antibacterial defenses and dampening inflammation.

TLR9 signaling requires ligand-induced phosphorylation of two specific tyrosine residues by EGFR and Syk

This study identifies that TLR9 activation requires phosphorylation of two specific tyrosine residues by EGFR and Syk, which is critical for downstream signaling.

A human homolog of SIR2 antiphage proteins mediates immunity via the TLR pathway

The paper identifies SIRanc, a human homolog of bacterial antiphage SIR2 proteins, and shows it mediates innate immunity via the TLR pathway by degrading NAD+.

Gut microbiota-derived GlcNAc-MurNAc is a TLR4 agonist that protects the host gut

The paper identifies GlcNAc-MurNAc (GM) as a TLR4 agonist derived from gut microbiota that reduces colonic inflammation in mice.

Loss of TLR9 expression in breast cancer tumour cells and its role in the cell cycle.

The paper shows reduced TLR9 expression in breast cancer cells and links it to decreased proliferation and activation of senescence-related factors.

Dendritic cells activate pyroptosis and effector-triggered apoptosis to restrict Legionella infection

This study shows that dendritic cells use pyroptosis and effector-triggered apoptosis to restrict Legionella infection, contrasting with macrophages that support bacterial replication.

GM-CSF engages multiple signaling pathways to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in human monocytes during Legionella infection

This study shows GM-CSF enhances cytokine production in human monocytes during Legionella infection through multiple signaling pathways.