Fatty Acid Research and Health

Ultra-high dose oral ω3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) block tumorigenesis in a MYCN-driven neuroblastoma model

This paper shows that ultra-high dose omega-3 fatty acids block tumor formation in a neuroblastoma model, while omega-6 fatty acids promote it.

Genetically predicted gene expression effects on changes in red blood cell and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids

This study uses GWAS and eQTL data to identify genetic effects on PUFA levels in RBCs and plasma, finding shared variants and differences in gene expression impacts.

Colorectal ALOX15 as a host factor determinant of EPA and DHA effects on colorectal carcinogenesis

This study shows that ALOX15 expression modulates EPA and DHA effects on colorectal carcinogenesis by promoting resolvin generation, which suppresses pro-tumorigenic inflammation.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Alleviates LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress via the PPARa-NF-kB Axis

This study shows EPA reduces LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in macrophages by activating the FABP5/PPAR/NF-κB axis, independent of TLR4-IRF5 signaling.

Ex vivo DHA supplementation suppresses prostaglandin E2 formation in primary human macrophages

This study shows that ex vivo DHA supplementation reduces prostaglandin E2 formation in human macrophages, suggesting a mechanism for n-3 PUFA's anti-inflammatory effects.

A multi-level gene-diet interaction analysis of fish oil supplementation and 14 circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids-related traits identifies the FADS and GRP12 loci

The paper identifies gene-diet interactions for fish oil supplementation and PUFA levels using GWIS in UK Biobank data, finding significant loci around FADS and GRP12.

Genome-wide association study reveals shared and distinct genetic architecture underlying fatty acid and bioactive oxylipin metabolites in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

This study conducts a GWAS on fatty acids and oxylipins in HCHS/SOL participants, identifying 19 genetic loci and shared/distinct genetic architecture.

Creation of a novel zebrafish model with low DHA status to study the role of maternal nutrition during neurodevelopment

This study creates a zebrafish model with low DHA status to investigate its effects on neurodevelopment and identifies associated morphological and gene expression changes.

Omega-3 fatty acid normalizes postsynaptic density proteins via miRNAs regulation in hippocampus and prevents DEHP-induced impairment of learning and memory in mice

This study shows Omega-3 fatty acid mitigates DEHP-induced neurotoxicity in mice by normalizing miRNA expression and preserving synaptic structure and function.

EPA induces an anti-inflammatory transcriptomic landscape in T cells implicating a pathway independent of triglyceride lowering in CVD risk reduction

This study shows EPA induces an anti-inflammatory transcriptomic profile in CD4+ T cells, independent of triglyceride lowering, potentially explaining its cardiovascular benefits.

Maternal n-3 enriched diet reprograms neurovascular transcriptome and blunts inflammation in neonate

This study shows that a maternal n-3 PUFA-enriched diet reprograms the neurovascular transcriptome and reduces inflammation in neonates after LPS-induced infection.

Molecular underpinnings of programming by early-life stress and the protective effects of early dietary ω6/ω3 ratio, basally and in response to LPS: hippocampal mRNA-miRNAs integrated approach

This study investigates how early-life stress and dietary omega-6/omega-3 ratios affect hippocampal mRNA and miRNA expression in adulthood, revealing molecular pathways involved in cognitive function and inflammation.

Western diet feeding since adolescence impairs functional hyperemia probed by functional ultrasound imaging at adulthood and middle age: rescue by a balanced ω-3:ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio in the diet

This study shows that a Western diet starting in adolescence impairs functional hyperemia in mice, which can be rescued by balancing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in adulthood.

Shared genetic basis informs the roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain disorders

The paper examines the shared genetic basis between polyunsaturated fatty acids and brain disorders using genome-wide association data and identifies causal relationships and shared variants.

Dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency from pre-pregnancy to lactation affects expression of genes involved in neurogenesis of the offspring

This study shows that maternal omega-3 fatty acid deficiency during pregnancy and lactation reduces neurogenesis-related gene expression in offspring hippocampus and alters fatty acid metabolism genes.

Maternal omega-3 fatty acid deficiency affects fetal thermogenic development and postnatal musculoskeletal growth in mice

This study shows that maternal omega-3 PUFA deficiency in mice impairs fetal thermogenesis and musculoskeletal growth by altering adipose browning and metabolic pathways.

Pro-resolving lipid mediators within brain esterified lipid pools are reduced in female rats chronically exposed to traffic-related air pollution or genetically susceptible to Alzheimer's Disease phenotype

This study finds that female rats with Alzheimer's Disease risk genes or exposed to traffic-related air pollution show reduced brain esterified pro-resolving lipid mediators, suggesting sex-specific impacts on inflammation resolution.

DIETARY RESCUE OF ADULT BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS IN THE FMR1 KNOCKOUT MOUSE

This study investigates the effects of omega-3 fatty acid diets on behavioral and neuroimmune deficits in Fmr1 knockout mice, showing both beneficial and detrimental outcomes depending on timing and type of diet.

Age-linked suppression of lipoxin A4 mediates cognitive deficits in mice and humans

This study shows that reduced lipoxin A4 levels in aging brains contribute to cognitive deficits in mice and humans, suggesting LXA4 as a potential therapeutic target for age-related dementia.

The omega-3-fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid modulates intracellular myo-inositol and its biosynthetic genes.

This study shows that docosahexaenoic acid increases intracellular myo-inositol and its biosynthetic genes, suggesting a potential mechanism for its therapeutic effect in bipolar disorder.

Amerind ancestry predicts the impact of FADS genetic variation on omega-3 PUFA deficiency, cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk in Hispanic populations

The paper shows Amerind ancestry is linked to lower LC-PUFA levels and increased cardiometabolic risk in Hispanic populations due to FADS genetic variation.

Multi-tissue Multi-omics Nutrigenomics Indicates Context-specific Effects of DHA on Rat Brain

This study shows DHA has different effects on rat brain gene expression, pathways, and metabolic outcomes depending on dietary context.

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote astrocyte differentiation and neurotrophin production independent of cAMP in patient-derived neural stem cells

This study shows n-3 PUFAs promote astrocyte differentiation and increase neurotrophin production in patient-derived neural stem cells, independent of cAMP and dependent on CREB.

Essential omega-3 fatty acids tune microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the developing brain

Low maternal omega-3 fatty acid intake impairs microglia-mediated synaptic refinement via the 12-HETE pathway in the developing brain.

Dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are related to impulse control and anterior cingulate function in adolescents

This study finds that higher dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids is associated with better impulse control and reduced anterior cingulate activation in adolescents.

Dietary adaptation of FADS genes in Europe varied across time and geography

The paper shows that positive selection on FADS genes in Europe occurred before and after farming, with geographic variation and associations with lipid levels and disease risk.

Selection on the FADS region in Europeans

The paper identifies targets of selection in the FADS region in Europeans, showing allele frequency changes linked to lipid-related phenotypes and dietary adaptations.