Chromatin is dispensable for bacterial life
Paul Villain, Antoine Hocher, Jacques Serizay, Chad Whilding, Alex Montoya, Pavel V. Shliaha, Romain Koszul, Tobias Warnecke
This study deletes nine NAPs from E. coli to create a strain lacking native chromatin, revealing gene expression homogenization and demonstrating that bacterial life can proceed without chromatin proteins.
bioRxiv · Aug 21, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology