G. Krainer

Single-molecule digital sizing of proteins in solution

This paper introduces smMDS, a method for digital sizing of proteins in solution, enabling sensitive and accurate measurement of protein sizes and interactions.

Quantifying collective interactions in biomolecular phase separation

This study quantifies collective interactions in biomolecular phase separation by analyzing dilute phase concentrations and free energy, revealing how salts and small molecules modulate condensate formation.

α-Synuclein oligomers form by secondary nucleation

This study shows α-synuclein oligomers form via secondary nucleation on fibril surfaces, not from monomers, and this process is enhanced by agitation under physiological conditions.

Alpha-synuclein oligomers displace monomeric alpha-synuclein from lipid membranes

This study shows that alpha-synuclein oligomers bind more strongly to curved lipid membranes and displace monomeric alpha-synuclein, suggesting a new mechanism for Parkinson's disease toxicity.

Modulating Nucleic Acid Phase Transitions as a Mechanism of Action for Cell-Penetrating Antimicrobial Peptides

This study identifies that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) induce nucleic acid phase separation, which may be a novel mechanism for their antibacterial activity.

Farewell to single-well: An automated single-molecule FRET platform for high-content, multiwell plate screening of biomolecular conformations and dynamics

This paper introduces an automated multiwell plate platform for single-molecule FRET that enables high-content screening of biomolecular conformations and dynamics with improved accuracy and efficiency.

Reliability and accuracy of single-molecule FRET studies for characterization of structural dynamics and distances in proteins

This study evaluates the reliability and accuracy of single-molecule FRET for measuring protein structural dynamics and distances, finding high precision and accuracy with specific uncertainty limits.

Surface interaction patches link non-specific binding and phase separation of antibodies

This study links antibody non-specific binding to surface interaction patches and shows how they drive liquid-liquid phase separation under certain conditions.

Tie-lines reveal interactions driving heteromolecular condensate formation

The paper develops a method to determine tie-line gradients in ternary LLPS systems using dilute phase concentration measurements, revealing interaction types and compositions in biomolecular condensates.

Phase separating RNA binding proteins form heterogeneous distributions of clusters in subsaturated solutions

This study investigates cluster formation in subsaturated solutions of RNA binding proteins with prion-like domains and finds that cluster formation and phase separation are coupled through sequence-specific interactions.

Single-molecule sizing through nano-cavity confinement

This paper introduces a method called nano-cavity diffusional sizing (NDS) to measure the size of nanoscale particles and single biomolecules using residence times in nano-cavities.

2-photon-fabricated nano-fluidic traps for extended detection of single macromolecules and colloids in solution

This paper introduces nano-fluidic traps that increase detection times for single macromolecules and colloids in solution by providing local steric confinement.

The chromatin regulator HMGA1a undergoes phase separation in the nucleus

This study shows HMGA1a undergoes phase separation in the nucleus, driven by protein-DNA interactions and its disordered C-terminal tail.

Can single-component protein condensates form multiphase architectures?

This study investigates how single-component protein condensates can transform into multiphase architectures during ageing through non-conservative inter-molecular interactions.

Chaperones Skp and SurA dynamically expand unfolded outer membrane protein X and synergistically disassemble oligomeric aggregates

This study investigates how chaperones Skp and SurA interact with unfolded OmpX, showing they expand the protein and synergistically disassemble aggregates through dynamic and thermodynamic processes.

Reentrant liquid condensate phase of proteins is stabilized by hydrophobic and non-ionic interactions

The paper shows that proteins forming liquid condensates can reenter a phase-separated state at high salt concentrations due to hydrophobic and non-ionic interactions, distinct from low-salt electrostatic-driven phase separation.

Rotavirus Replication Factories Are Complex Ribonucleoprotein Condensates

This study shows rotavirus replication factories are RNA-protein condensates formed by phase separation, with unique features that could be targeted for antiviral therapies.

Construction of a liquid-liquid phase separation system from the gel-sol transition of elongated protein microgels in a crowding agent

This study constructs a liquid-liquid phase separation system through a gel-sol transition of elongated protein microgels in a crowding agent, enabling tunable and monitorable models for drug release applications.

The Hsc70 Disaggregation Machinery RemovesMonomer Units Directly from α-Synuclein FibrilEnds

This study shows the Hsc70-DnaJB1-Apg2 chaperone system removes monomer units directly from α-synuclein fibril ends, reversing aggregation without intermediate fragmentation.

Machine learning models for predicting protein condensate formation from sequence determinants and embeddings

This paper develops machine learning models to predict protein condensate formation using sequence determinants and embeddings, achieving high accuracy and sensitivity.

High Resolution Biomolecular Condensate Phase Diagrams with a Combinatorial Microdroplet Platform

This paper introduces a microdroplet platform to rapidly generate high-resolution phase diagrams of biomolecular condensates and demonstrates its application in studying phase transitions.

Direct digital sensing of protein biomarkers in solution

This paper introduces a single-molecule microfluidic platform for digital protein biomarker detection, demonstrating its ability to quantify protein concentrations and provide insights beyond traditional immunoassays.

Surface electrostatics govern the emulsion stability of biomolecular condensates

The paper investigates how surface electrostatics influence the stability of biomolecular condensates by comparing their fusion propensity using zeta potential measurements and molecular modeling.

Rapid Fractionation and Characterisation of Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers in Solution

This study demonstrates microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis for rapidly separating and characterizing alpha-synuclein oligomers in solution.