Tryptophan and brain disorders

Validated LC-MS/MS quantification of kynurenine pathway metabolites and pathway-balance ratios in brain tissue and microglial culture supernatant: application to neonatal stroke

The paper validates an LC-MS/MS method to quantify kynurenine pathway metabolites and ratios in brain tissue and microglial supernatant, showing altered ratios after neonatal stroke.

NK Cell Activation as an Immune Mechanism in Depression: Insights from Single-Cell Multi-Omics

The paper identifies NK cell activation as a genetic and functional contributor to MDD susceptibility using single-cell transcriptomics and population genetics.

Innate Immune Correlates of Sickness-Like Depressive Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors

This study finds that sickness-like depressive symptoms in breast cancer survivors are more strongly linked to proinflammatory gene expression and myeloid cell abundance than negative affect symptoms.

Dual Roles of Interferon-γ Receptor in Somatostatin Interneurons at Baseline and During Inflammation

This study investigates the role of IFN-γ receptor signaling in SST interneurons, showing it supports normal behavior and molecular homeostasis while mediating inflammation-induced deficits.

Behavioral dysfunction but not wasting in cancer cachexia is driven by altered tryptophan metabolism

The paper identifies altered tryptophan metabolism in cancer cachexia, showing serotonin depletion and kynurenine accumulation, which drive behavioral dysfunction but not wasting.

Basal Ganglia Dopamine Availability and Immune Activation Interact and Relate to Anhedonia Severity among Youth with Depression

This study examines how dopamine availability and immune activation interact to influence anhedonia severity in youth with depression.

Pregnancy Impacts Maternal Sleep: Focus on Kynurenine Pathway Activation in Female Rats

This study shows pregnancy alters sleep-wake patterns and reduces kynurenine-induced REM sleep disruption in female rats, suggesting KP metabolism influences maternal sleep.

Chronic stress promotes sex-divergent Type 1, 2 and 17 responses in brain resident lymphocytes.

This study identifies sex-divergent type 1, 2, and 17 cytokine responses in brain-resident lymphocytes under chronic stress, revealing sex-specific regulatory mechanisms.

Tumour rewires host tryptophan metabolism to promote organism-wide immune suppression

This study shows that Pten-deficient Drosophila tumours reprogram host tryptophan metabolism to suppress immunity and promote tumour growth through the kynurenine pathway.

A habenula-enriched GPCR, GPR151, regulates behavioral sensitivity to inflammation

This study identifies GPR151 as a habenula-specific GPCR that modulates behavioral responses to inflammation, with potential therapeutic implications for inflammation-associated depression.

Kynurenine pathway metabolomics in heatstroke: a validated LC-MS/MS method reveals compartment-specific neurochemical disruption in a murine model.

The paper uses LC-MS/MS to analyze kynurenine pathway metabolites in plasma and brain tissue of heatstroke mice, revealing compartment-specific metabolic changes and potential biomarkers.

Fragmented sleep during pregnancy induces inflammation and tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolism: Importance of elevated fetal brain kynurenic acid

This study shows that maternal sleep fragmentation and inflammation increase fetal brain kynurenic acid, linking sleep disruption to neurodevelopmental risks.

Human ASPDH is a 2-aminomuconate reductase that produces L-2-aminohex-3-enedioic acid in tryptophan catabolism

The paper identifies human ASPDH as a 2-aminomuconate reductase in tryptophan catabolism, revealing a new branch of the kynurenine pathway and an unknown amino acid.

Molecular adaptations of activated T-cells in an inflammation-associated schizophrenia sub-group

The paper identifies a unique T-cell inflammatory signature in AGA+ schizophrenia-related disorder patients using scRNA-seq, linking it to increased severity of negative symptoms.

The single nucleotide polymorphism rs1053230 modulates kynurenine 3-monooxygenase stability and is associated with cognitive and mood phenotypes

This study investigates the functional impact of SNPs rs1053230 and rs2275163 on KMO protein stability and interactions, linking rs1053230 to depressive mood symptoms.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation alters courtship ultrasonic vocalizations in male mice.

This study shows that LPS-induced inflammation reduces social motivation and alters ultrasonic vocalizations in male mice, indicating inflammation's impact on social communication.

Physiological levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine alter mitochondrial function and morphology in neuronal cells

This study investigates the effects of physiological levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine on mitochondrial function and morphology in neuronal cells, revealing biphasic changes and potential implications for neurodegenerative diseases.

Acute inflammation-mediated attenuation of behavioural sensitization in methamphetamine-sensitized mice via distinct COX-2 and TNF-α pathways

This study shows that acute inflammation reduces methamphetamine-induced behavioural sensitization in mice through distinct COX-2 and TNF-α pathways, depending on the type of inflammation.

Gut Commensals Regulate the Intestinal Kynurenine Pathway

The paper shows gut microbiota regulates the intestinal kynurenine pathway through vitamin E absorption, using mouse models and computational analysis of microbiota associations.

Plasma proteomics reveal heterogeneous subtypes of depression linked to inflammation and aging

The paper identifies three depression subtypes using plasma proteomics, linked to inflammation, aging, and metabolic factors, with distinct clinical and neurobiological features.

Hypothalamic Interleukin 6 linked to sex-specific behavioral deficits following adolescent social isolation

This study investigates how adolescent social isolation affects neuroimmune responses and behavior in male and female rodents, finding reduced hypothalamic IL6 levels linked to aggression and social deficits.

Genetic predisposition to loneliness increases schizophrenia and depression risk through inflammatory pathways: a Mendelian randomization study

This study uses Mendelian randomization to show loneliness causally increases schizophrenia and depression risk, partially mediated by inflammatory pathways.

The non-classic psychedelic muscimol suppresses inflammatory signaling and promotes neuroplasticity in schizophrenia-derived human cortical spheroids and astroglia

This study shows muscimol, a non-classic psychedelic, reduces inflammation and promotes neuroplasticity in schizophrenia-derived human cortical spheroids and astrocytes by modulating GABAA receptors.

Biochemical Regulation of Brain Kynurenic Acid Synthesis and Inhibition in Rats is Sensitive to the Time of Day

This study investigates how time of day affects kynurenic acid (KYNA) synthesis and inhibition in rats, showing phase-dependent changes in KYNA levels and KAT II enzyme activity.

Artemether and Euphorbia Factor L9 suppress kynurenine production through distinct effects on Tryptophan metabolism.

This study identifies artemether and EFL9 as inhibitors of kynurenine production through distinct mechanisms, offering potential new therapeutic approaches for targeting tryptophan metabolism.

Kynurenine Metabolism Mediates Tumor Progression in Renal Cell Carcinoma

This study investigates the role of kynurenine pathway enzymes in renal cell carcinoma progression using CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts, showing distinct effects on tumor behavior in vitro and in vivo.

Prenatal anti-oxidant treatment suppresses maternal immune activation induced increases in alcohol self-administration in a sex-specific manner

This study shows prenatal anti-oxidant treatment reduces maternal immune activation-induced increases in alcohol self-administration, with effects seen primarily in male offspring.

Immune System Alterations in Depression across Baseline and Flu Vaccine Challenge

The paper examines immune system changes in depression using scRNA-seq, finding altered gene expression and cell population shifts in depressed individuals compared to controls.

Integrative systems neuroimmunology reveals leukocyte-expressing PAX6 as a critical predictor of major depressive disorder

This study identifies PAX6 as a critical predictor of MDD using transcriptomic data from 3,114 individuals and validates its expression in PBMCs and the amygdala.

Inflammatory profiles of transdiagnostic symptom dimensions in healthy females

This study links transdiagnostic symptom dimensions in healthy females to specific inflammatory profiles using Bayesian regression and PCA, showing associations between social withdrawal and monocyte counts, and anxious-depression with stress-induced inflammation.