Tryptophan and brain disorders

Lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation alters courtship ultrasonic vocalizations in male mice.

This study shows that LPS-induced inflammation reduces social motivation and alters ultrasonic vocalizations in male mice, indicating inflammation's impact on social communication.

Biochemical Regulation of Brain Kynurenic Acid Synthesis and Inhibition in Rats is Sensitive to the Time of Day

This study investigates how time of day affects kynurenic acid (KYNA) synthesis and inhibition in rats, showing phase-dependent changes in KYNA levels and KAT II enzyme activity.

Artemether and Euphorbia Factor L9 suppress kynurenine production through distinct effects on Tryptophan metabolism.

This study identifies artemether and EFL9 as inhibitors of kynurenine production through distinct mechanisms, offering potential new therapeutic approaches for targeting tryptophan metabolism.

Prenatal anti-oxidant treatment suppresses maternal immune activation induced increases in alcohol self-administration in a sex-specific manner

This study shows prenatal anti-oxidant treatment reduces maternal immune activation-induced increases in alcohol self-administration, with effects seen primarily in male offspring.

Integrative systems neuroimmunology reveals leukocyte-expressing PAX6 as a critical predictor of major depressive disorder

This study identifies PAX6 as a critical predictor of MDD using transcriptomic data from 3,114 individuals and validates its expression in PBMCs and the amygdala.

Inflammatory profiles of transdiagnostic symptom dimensions in healthy females

This study links transdiagnostic symptom dimensions in healthy females to specific inflammatory profiles using Bayesian regression and PCA, showing associations between social withdrawal and monocyte counts, and anxious-depression with stress-induced inflammation.

Developing Interferon-β as a safe in-vivo experimental-medicine model of human inflammation.

This paper develops IFN-β as a safe in-vivo model of human inflammation, inducing robust sickness responses with minimal cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers aged 18-75.

Exploration of Novel Biomarkers through a Precision Medicine Approach Using Multi-omics and Brain Organoids in Patients with Atypical Depression and Psychotic Symptoms

This study identifies novel biomarkers in atypical depression with psychotic symptoms using multi-omics and brain organoids, revealing immune and neurological alterations.

Kmo restricts Salmonella in a whole organism infection model by promoting macrophage lysosomal acidification through kainate receptor antagonism.

The paper shows that Kmo produces 3-HK, which promotes macrophage lysosomal acidification via kainate receptor antagonism, enhancing resistance to Salmonella infection.

Tryptophan metabolite atlas uncovers organ, age, and sex-specific variations

This study maps tryptophan metabolites across multiple tissues, sexes, and ages in mice, revealing significant variations in metabolism that could inform disease-targeted therapies.

MRI-Derived Markers of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Processes in the VTA Associated with Depression

The paper identifies MRI-derived markers in the VTA linked to depression diagnosis and symptom severity, showing distinct patterns of neuroinflammation and microstructural changes.

Differential alterations in peripheral tryptophan pathways in methamphetamine versus MDMA users are linked to their contrasting psychiatric symptoms

This study compares serum tryptophan pathway alterations in chronic METH and MDMA users, finding distinct metabolic changes linked to psychiatric symptoms.

Maternal immune activation during the lactational period alters offspring behavior, reproductive development, and immune function in mice

Disease Severity Across Psychiatric Disorders Is Linked to Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

This study identifies two clusters of severe mental disorder patients with differing illness severity, finding elevated pro-inflammatory serum proteins in the more severe group.

A computational account of joint SSRI and anti-inflammatory treatment

The paper develops a computational model to explore how inflammation, serotonin levels, and brain activity interact, and how anti-inflammatory and antidepressant treatments affect depressive symptoms.

Parental kynurenine 3-monooxygenase genotype in mice directs sex-specific behavioral outcomes in offspring

This study shows that parental Kmo genotype affects offspring behavior and sleep in sex-specific ways through changes in the kynurenine pathway and brain mitochondrial function.

N-formylkynurenine but not kynurenine enters a nucleophile-scavenging branch of the immune-regulatory kynurenine pathway

The paper shows N-formylkynurenine (NFK) undergoes non-enzymatic deamination to form reactive adducts, distinct from kynurenine (KYN), highlighting a new branch of the kynurenine pathway with implications for immune regulation and protein modification.

Embryo-restricted responses to maternal IL-17A promote neurodevelopmental disorders in mouse offspring

This study establishes a novel mouse model of prenatal IL-17A imprinting, showing embryo-restricted responses lead to behavioral deficits in offspring.

Intron retention can be an excellent marker for evaluating the depressed state and useful for discovering new pathways in the recovery of depression by a drug.

The paper identifies intron retention (IR) as a biomarker for depression and shows its utility in discovering recovery pathways through RNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

LPS-Induced Inflammation Reduces GABAergic Interneuron markers and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus

This study shows that LPS-induced inflammation reduces GABAergic interneuron markers and BDNF in mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, suggesting a link to MDD pathophysiology.

Organic cation transporter 2 contributes to SSRI antidepressant efficacy by controlling tryptophan availability in the brain

This study shows OCT2 regulates tryptophan availability in the brain, affecting SSRI efficacy in a depression model.

Reducing brain kynurenic acid synthesis precludes kynurenine-induced sleep disturbances

The paper investigates how inhibiting kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II) affects sleep disturbances caused by kynurenine in rats.

The bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation alleviates depression and anxiety-like behaviors by modulating the regional heterogeneity of microglia morphology.

This study shows that a grape-derived polyphenol preparation reduces depression and anxiety-like behaviors in mice by altering microglia morphology and modulating inflammatory pathways.

Fatigue during acute systemic inflammation is associated with reduced mental effort expenditure while task accuracy is preserved

The paper investigates how acute systemic inflammation affects mental effort allocation and decision-making, finding reduced acceptance of medium-effort tasks with preserved accuracy.

Sex-specific effects of voluntary wheel running on behavior and the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in mice

This study examines sex-specific effects of voluntary wheel running on behavior and the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in mice, finding differential impacts on weight, anxiety-like behaviors, and inflammatory markers.

Kynurenine aminotransferase II inhibition promotes sleep and rescues impairments induced by neurodevelopmental insult

This study shows that inhibiting KAT II reduces KYNA levels, improving sleep quality in rats exposed to embryonic kynurenine and in controls.

Social deficits induced by pervasive environmental stressors are prevented by microbial or dopaminergic modulation

The paper shows that prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress in mice causes social deficits in male offspring, which can be prevented by microbiome modulation or dopamine activation.

Clenbuterol Attenuates Immune Reaction to Lipopolysaccharide and Its Relationship to Anhedonia in Adolescents

This study examines how clenbuterol reduces immune activation in adolescents exposed to LPS and links immune biomarkers to anhedonia.

Attenuated transcriptional response to pro-inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells

The paper shows that schizophrenia hiPSC-derived NPCs have a reduced transcriptional response to IFN-gamma compared to controls, with implications for synaptic development and mitochondrial genes.

Mouse models of immune dysfunction: Their neuroanatomical differences reflect their anxiety-behavioural phenotype

The paper uses MRI and Bayesian hierarchical modeling to show that immune dysfunction in mice affects specific brain regions and correlates with anxiety-like behaviors.