Discover, rate, and verify biology preprints.

Rubisco packaging and stoichiometric composition of a native β-carboxysome

Cryo-ET of 169 nm β-carboxysomes from low-light Synechococcus elongatus reveals ~639 Rubiscos in concentric layers with CcmM bound at RbcL grooves; QconCAT proteomics yields the complete absolute protein stoichiometry.

Large-scale remote sensing reveals that tree mortality in Germany appears to be greater than previously expected

Germany-wide 10 m remote sensing maps put 2018–2021 standing deadwood at 978 ± 529 kha, almost twice earlier satellite estimates; late frost, water deficit and heat were top predictors.

Advanced Tissue Technologies of Blood-Brain Barrier Organoids as High Throughput Toxicity Readouts in Drug Development

Paraffin histology, multiplex immunofluorescence and MALDI imaging work on blood-brain barrier organoids; an AI apoptosis detector on hematoxylin-eosin slides (F1 0.817 vs pathologists) tracked staurosporine dose responses.

MEGA12: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis version 12 for adaptive and green computing

MEGA12 adds filtered substitution-model selection, matching full-search choices in all 240 simulated nucleotide alignments, and adaptive bootstrapping with an 81% average speed-up, accelerating maximum-likelihood phylogenetics.

Boltz-1: Democratizing Biomolecular Interaction Modeling

Open-source Boltz-1 predicts biomolecular complex structures comparably to AlphaFold3 and Chai-1 on CASP15 and recent PDB targets; Boltz-steering lets 97% of test-set poses pass physical checks.

Spatially Resolved in vivo CRISPR Screen Sequencing via Perturb-DBiT

Perturb-DBiT co-sequences spatial transcriptomes and gRNAs on one tissue section, supporting genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screens in FFPE and fresh-frozen tumors across three cancer models.

PNPLA3(148M) Promotes Hepatic Steatosis by Interfering with Triglyceride Hydrolysis Through a Gain-of-Function Mechanism

ABHD5 binds PNPLA3 more strongly than ATGL regardless of the I148M variant; steatosis from PNPLA3(148M) needs ATGL and is reversed by ABHD5 overexpression.

Sequence modeling and design from molecular to genome scale with Evo

7B-parameter convolution-attention DNA model with 131 kb context, trained on prokaryotic genomes, performs zero-shot fitness and essentiality prediction and generates Cas loci, transposons, and 650 kb sequences.

Saccharomyces Genome Database: Advances in Genome Annotation, Expanded Biochemical Pathways, and Other Key Enhancements

Saccharomyces Genome Database released two S288C annotation updates (R64.4.1, R64.5.1) adding ncRNAs, ORFs and uORFs, overhauled YeastPathways, and expanded search, GFF and web features.

TRPV4 overactivation enhances cellular contractility and drives ocular hypertension in TGFβ2 overexpressing eyes

TGFβ2 raises TRPV4 expression and activity in human trabecular meshwork cells; TRPV4 blockade or deletion lowers TGFβ2-driven ocular hypertension and contractility in mice and hydrogels.

Variability of 7K and 11K SomaScan plasma proteomics assays

Across Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging replicates, fully normalized SomaScan 11K has median inter-plate coefficient of variation 5% (7K: 4.5%), intra-plate 3%, 7K inter-batch 8%.

The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog: standards for reusability, sustainability and diversity

The GWAS Catalog now holds 625,113 curated SNP-trait associations from 6,921 publications plus >85K summary statistics datasets, with a new GWAS-SSF submission standard and GRCh38 harmonisation.

Chai-1: Decoding the molecular interactions of life

Chai-1 matches AlphaFold3 on PoseBusters ligand poses (77% vs 76%), beats AlphaFold-Multimer 2.3 on low-homology interfaces, and stays competitive without MSAs on multimers and antibodies.

Regulators of health and lifespan extension in genetically diverse mice on dietary restriction

In 937 genetically diverse female mice, caloric restriction and intermittent fasting extended lifespan, yet bodyweight resilience, immune and red-cell traits, not metabolic improvements, predicted longevity.

Family-GWAS reveals effects of environment and mating on genetic associations

Family-based GWAS meta-analysis of 34 phenotypes shows standard GWAS effects carry sizeable confounding uncorrelated with direct genetic effects, while assortative mating likely inflates SNP heritability and genetic correlations.

MOIRE: A software package for the estimation of allele frequenciesand effective multiplicity of infection from polyallelic data

MOIRE, a Bayesian R package, jointly infers allele frequencies, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and within-host relatedness from SNP or polyallelic malaria genotypes, yielding a panel-portable effective MOI.

BindCraft: one-shot design of functional protein binders

Hallucinating binders by backpropagating through AlphaFold2 weights gave, across 12 targets, binders in 10-100% of the designs tested per target, mostly at nanomolar affinity.

Bilingual Language Model for Protein Sequence and Structure

ProstT5, a ProtT5 fine-tuned to translate between amino acids and Foldseek 3Di tokens, predicts structure strings for remote homology search and performs inverse folding.

Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators including retraction data

Linking 39,468 eligible Retraction Watch retractions to Scopus shows 3.3% of 217,097 career-long and 4.0% of 223,152 single-year (2023) top-2% cited scientists have at least one retraction.

The simplicity of protein sequence-function relationships

Reference-free analysis with a sigmoid link shows additive plus pairwise effects explain a median 96% of phenotypic variance across 20 combinatorial protein mutagenesis datasets.