Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research

Leukocytes have a heparan sulfate glycocalyx that regulates recruitment during inflammation

The paper shows leukocytes express heparan sulfate glycocalyx, which is shed during psoriasis-like inflammation, promoting leukocyte migration into skin.

Glycosaminoglycans act as activators of peptidylarginine deiminase 4

This study identifies glycosaminoglycans as activators of PAD4, showing they enhance Ca2+ affinity and induce NETosis, with implications for rheumatoid arthritis.

Insights into substrate binding and utilization by hyaluronan synthase

This study elucidates how hyaluronan synthase (HAS) discriminates between UDP-GlcA and UDP-GlcNAc substrates using cryo-EM and identifies the role of non-canonical acceptors in HA synthesis.

Arylsulfatase I is a novel lysosomal chondroitin sulfatase regulating endochondral ossification

This study identifies ARSI as a novel lysosomal chondroitin sulfatase that regulates endochondral ossification by desulfating chondroitin sulfate.

A Novel Proteoglycan-4 Isoform Drives Skeletal Regeneration

This study identifies a novel Prg4 splicing isoform, Prg4-S, that promotes bone regeneration in a murine tibial fracture model.

Substrate tunnel regulates substrate specificity switching in hyaluronan synthase

This study identifies how the substrate tunnel in hyaluronan synthase regulates substrate specificity switching through dynamic interactions and allosteric regulation.

Dynamic polarization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans is involved in planar cell polarity and localization of endogenous Wnt11 during vertebrate neural tube formation.

The paper shows that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are dynamically polarized during vertebrate neural tube formation, interacting with Wnt11 and core PCP components to establish planar cell polarity.

Molecular flexibility of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid measured by NMR has a profound effect on invasion of cancer cells

This study shows high molecular weight hyaluronic acid, when diluted, induces cancer cell migration via CD44 binding due to increased molecular flexibility, affecting cell morphology and proteome.

The hyaluronan-binding activity of aggrecan is important, but not essential, for its specific insertion into perineuronal nets

This study reports the co-crystal structure of aggrecan's G1 region with and without HA and shows that HA-binding is important but not essential for its integration into perineuronal nets.

Identification of N-acetyl-rich heparan sulfate binding motifs and their role in expanding BMP distribution and signaling by Cerberus

The paper identifies NAc-HS binding motifs in Cerberus and shows they expand BMP4 distribution and signaling by relocating BMP4 from NS-HS to NAc-HS.

Heparan sulfate regulates amphiregulin signaling towards reparative lung mesenchymal cells during influenza A infection

This study shows heparan sulfate is essential for Areg signaling in lung mesenchymal cells during influenza A infection, affecting reparative responses.

Viral-mediated fluorescent labeling of hyaluronan reveals extracellular matrix dynamics in the mouse brain in vivo

This paper introduces a viral-mediated fluorescent probe to label hyaluronan in the mouse brain, enabling real-time imaging of extracellular matrix dynamics in vivo.

A Robust Proteomics-Based Method for Identifying Preferred Protein Targets of Synthetic Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics

This paper introduces a 10-step proteomics-based method to identify preferred protein targets of synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetics, finding that it effectively narrows down potential targets in human plasma.

Fine-tuning of Fgf8 morphogen gradient by heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix

This paper shows that Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) in the extracellular matrix bind Fgf8, altering its diffusion and signaling, and contribute to forming the Fgf8 morphogen gradient.

Versican controlled by Lmx1b regulates hyaluronate density and hydration for semicircular canal morphogenesis

The paper identifies Lmx1b as a regulator of hyaluronan and Versican in zebrafish inner ear semicircular canal morphogenesis, showing how Versican controls hyaluronate density and hydration through its core and chondroitin side chains.

Enzymatic access to the rare ΔUA (1->4) Glc 3, 6, N-sulfated heparin disaccharide, implications for heparin quality control

This study characterizes a Bacteroides eggerthii lyase that efficiently cleaves heparin to release a rare anticoagulant disaccharide, offering improved methods for quality control.

Crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of PL35 family glycosaminoglycan lyases with an ultrabroad substrate spectrum

This study determines the crystal structures of two PL35 family GAG lyases and investigates their catalytic mechanism, revealing structural evidence for their divergent evolution from alginate lyases.

Heparanase 2 regulates endothelial permeability and prevents from proteinuria via VEGFA and FGF signaling

This study shows that Hpa2 regulates endothelial permeability and prevents proteinuria by modulating VEGFA and FGF signaling through HS shedding.

Cell surface ribonucleoproteins cluster with heparan sulfate to regulate growth factor signaling

The paper identifies heparan sulfate proteoglycans as key organizers of cell surface glycoRNA and RNA binding proteins, showing their role in regulating growth factor signaling.

Hyaluronidase inhibitor delphinidin inhibits cancer metastasis

This study identifies delphinidin as a hyaluronidase inhibitor that reduces cancer metastasis in cell cultures and mouse models.

Influence of chondroitin sulfate glycan sulfation patterns on histochemical labeling of perineuronal nets- a comparative study of interregional distribution in human and mouse brain

This study examines CS disaccharide sulfation patterns in human and mouse brains, finding regional and species-specific differences and showing ELS does not affect PNN labeling patterns.

Novel extracellular matrix architecture on excitatory neurons revealed by HaloTag-HAPLN1

This study reveals novel extracellular matrix (ECM) structures around excitatory neurons using HaloTag-HAPLN1, showing spatial and temporal regulation of ECM deposition and heterogeneity among neuronal populations.

Enzymatic modulation of the pulmonary glycocalyx alters susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae

This study shows that enzymatic degradation of hyaluronan and heparan sulfate in the lung worsens Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by increasing inflammation, bacterial burden, and barrier disruption in mice and human models.

Perineuronal nets and the neuronal extracellular matrix can be imaged by genetically encoded labeling of HAPLN1 in vitro and in vivo

The paper characterizes ECM/PNN molecules around neurons and introduces a new mouse model for monitoring live ECM dynamics using genetically encoded labeling of HAPLN1.

Chondroitin and dermatan sulfate exposure induces a wound healing state in fibroblasts through Cux1-mediated SerpinB2 transcriptional repression.

The paper shows that chondroitin and dermatan sulfate exposure in fibroblasts mimics a wound healing state by repressing SerpinB2 through Cux1 activation.

Loss of the extracellular matrix protein Perlecan disrupts axonal and synaptic stability during Drosophila development

This study shows that Perlecan is essential for maintaining axonal and synaptic stability in Drosophila motoneurons, with its loss causing axonal breakage and synaptic retraction.

Increased Cerebral Serum Amyloid A2 and Parameters of Oxidation in Arylsulfatase B (N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase)-Null Mice

This study investigates the effects of ARSB deficiency on AD-related parameters in mice, finding increased SAA2, CSPG4, and oxidative stress markers in brain regions.

Syndecan-4 is the Key Proteoglycan Mediating LPS-induced Sepsis-associated Lung Injury

The paper identifies SDC4 as the key syndecan mediating LPS-induced sepsis-associated lung injury through bioinformatics and experimental analysis.

Dally is not essential for Dpp spreading or internalization but for Dpp stability by antagonizing Tkv-mediated Dpp internalization

The paper investigates the role of Dally in Dpp morphogen gradient formation and signaling, finding that Dally stabilizes Dpp by antagonizing receptor-mediated internalization, rather than through direct interaction with Dpp.

4-methylumbelliferone enhances neuroplasticity in the central nervous system: potential oral treatment for SCI

This study shows that 4-MU removes perineuronal nets and enhances plasticity in the central nervous system, offering a potential oral treatment for spinal cord injury.