Pancreatic function and diabetes

The regulator of G protein signaling RGS9 supports insulin secretion in male mouse islets

This study shows RGS9 supports glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in male mouse islets by dampening inhibitory signaling through Gi/o.

Pancreatic δ-cells are resistant to auto- and paracrine inhibition in human type-2 diabetes

The paper investigates δ-cell function in type-2 diabetes, finding that these cells become resistant to inhibition, leading to hyperactivity and impaired glucose control.

IFNα differentially disrupts stimulus-secretion coupling in pancreatic alpha and beta cells

This study shows that IFNα disrupts stimulus-secretion coupling in pancreatic alpha and beta cells, with cell-type specific effects on SERCA2 and mitochondrial respiration.

Distinct viability and oxygen-sensing responses to hypoxia and reoxygenation in pancreatic islets

This study examines how pancreatic islets respond to different oxygen levels and reoxygenation, finding that viability decreases under hypoxia but is preserved at 5% and 18% O2, with reoxygenation not fully restoring viability.

Accumulated Cytotoxicity Induced by Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Oligomers in Type 2 Diabetes

This paper develops a mathematical model of IAPP aggregation in type 2 diabetes, identifying key parameters influencing cytotoxicity and suggesting therapeutic targets.

Mesodermal-niche interactions direct specification and differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells in human multilineage organoids

The paper demonstrates that mesoderm-derived cells in organoids promote endocrine commitment and β-cell differentiation in human pancreatic development.

Islet size, cellular composition, and spatial location are interconnected in the human pancreas

The paper examines how islet size, endocrine cell composition, and spatial location are interconnected in human pancreata using single-cell analysis of non-diabetic donors.

Immune Biomarkers of Islet Transplant Rejection Revealed by Synthetic Immunological Niche

The paper develops a synthetic immunological niche to monitor islet transplant rejection by capturing immune signatures, identifying distinct rejection patterns and biomarkers.

PFKFB3 inhibition restores β-cell responsiveness to acetylcholine in a 3xTg-AD pancreatic tissue-slice mode

This study shows that PFKFB3 inhibition restores β-cell Ca2+ signaling responsiveness to acetylcholine in 3xTg-AD pancreatic tissue slices.

Effect of Immunosuppressive Drugs on Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion: Concentration-Response Studies in Dynamic Perifusion Assays

This study examines how immunosuppressive drugs affect glucose-stimulated insulin secretion using dynamic perifusion assays, finding concentration-dependent inhibition with varying patterns among drug types.

The ortholog of the Human T2D Risk Gene STEAP2 is Required for Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Mice

This study shows that Steap2 is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice by maintaining mitochondrial function in pancreatic beta-cells.

MAFA drives pancreatic islet maturation through coordination of cell growth, metabolic maturation, and resilience to stress.

This study shows that MAFA promotes pancreatic islet maturation by enhancing cell growth, metabolic function, and stress resilience in stem cell-derived islets.

Role of Uridine Phosphorylase 1 (UPP1) in Pancreatic β-Cell Physiology and Its Dysregulation in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

This study investigates the role of UPP1 in β-cell function and shows that UPP1 deficiency impairs uridine-potentiated GSIS and MAPK activation in mice and humans.

Free fatty acid receptor 4 agonists stimulate insulin secretion via different mechanisms in mouse versus human islets

This study compares the mechanisms of FFAR4 agonist-induced insulin secretion in mouse and human islets, finding indirect effects in mice and direct effects in humans.

A high-throughput assay for the measurement of Ca2+-oscillations and insulin release from uniformly sized β-cell spheroids.

This paper develops a high-throughput 3D β-cell spheroid platform to measure Ca2+ oscillations and insulin release in response to glucose and compounds.

Biosensor Cell Array Reveals Temporal GABA Secretion Dynamics from Pancreatic Islets

The paper reveals that GABA secretion from pancreatic beta cells occurs via the LRRC8A/D VRAC channel and is coordinated with calcium influx and depolarization, not vesicular release or insulin secretion.

Sodium tungstate promotes vascularization to support beta cell replacement in diabetes

Sodium tungstate enhances vascularization and improves survival of transplanted insulin-producing cells in diabetes models by upregulating VEGFA and promoting endothelial cell function.

Targeting PFKFB3 Metabolic Gatekeeping of β-Cell Dysfunctional States Enables Durable Glucose Tolerance in Type 2 Diabetes

This study shows that inhibiting PFKFB3 improves glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes by restoring β-cell function and reducing dysfunctional states, with effects lasting after treatment stops.

Predictive control of human pancreatic cell fate using a digital model of in vitro differentiation

The paper develops a predictive digital model of human pancreatic cell differentiation using single-cell multiomic data to identify regulators and validate their roles in islet fate specification.

Primary cilia coordinate c-KIT signaling induced proliferation in alpha cells

The paper identifies primary cilia as a signaling platform for c-KIT in pancreatic alpha cells, showing that c-KIT signaling via SCF promotes proliferation and may contribute to hyperglucagonemia in obesity and diabetes.

Quantification of beta cell carrying capacity in prediabetes

The paper develops a mathematical model and formula (HOMA-C) to quantify beta cell carrying capacity in prediabetes, showing significant variation and its association with diabetes risk.

Preimplantation factor (PIF) links embryo-derived signaling to maternal pancreatic β-cell adaptation through an ERα-dependent pathway

This study identifies PIF as an embryo-derived signal that regulates maternal β-cell adaptation during pregnancy, showing its role in β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion through an ERα-dependent pathway.

Heterogeneity in cell-cycle dynamics of synthetic mRNA-induced β-cell proliferation

This study induces β-cell proliferation in rats using synthetic mRNAs and identifies heterogeneity in cell-cycle dynamics, revealing variability in G1 duration and division completion.

Glucocorticoid rhythm disruption drives hyperinsulinaemia in mice through beta cell glucocorticoid receptor signalling

This study shows that disrupting glucocorticoid rhythms in mice causes hyperinsulinaemia through beta cell GR signalling and reduced insulin clearance, highlighting insulin's role in maintaining glucose homeostasis.

Casp1 and Ripk3 are required for homeostatic insulin secretion in mice

This study shows that deleting both Casp1 and Ripk3 in mice improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, independent of cell death or inflammation.

Mitochondrial transfer mediates metabolic communication between beta cells and islet macrophages

The paper shows beta cells transfer mitochondria to islet macrophages, enhancing their protein synthesis and altering gene expression, suggesting a new communication mechanism in islet homeostasis.

Transcriptional coactivator MED15 is required to maintain β-cell maturity

This study shows that MED15 is continuously required after weaning to maintain functional β-cell maturity in mice.

Hormones: what are they good for?

The paper analyzes the role of hormones in glucose regulation, showing that hormonal control overcomes limitations of local control strategies and highlights implications for artificial pancreas design.

Stimulation of rodent and human beta-cell proliferation using synthetic modified mRNAs encoding cell cycle regulators

This study uses synthetic modified mRNAs to stimulate beta-cell proliferation in rodents and humans, showing temporary activation of cell cycle pathways without sustained proliferation.

Stathmin-2 Mediates Paracrine Hormone Regulation of Glucagon Through Lysosomal Trafficking in αTC1-6 cells

This study shows insulin and somatostatin regulate glucagon secretion via Stathmin-2-dependent lysosomal trafficking in αTC1-6 cells.