Immune responses and vaccinations

STAT3 dual role in sex-biased and differentiation-gated interferon gamma memory

The paper investigates the role of STAT3 in IFN-gamma memory in human macrophages, revealing its dual function in repression and recall, and identifies sex-biased and differentiation-dependent mechanisms.

IL-10/ACOD1 axis regulates catabolism of phagocytosed lipids in trained macrophages

This study identifies an IL-10/ACOD1 axis that reprograms lipid metabolism in trained macrophages to promote resolution of inflammation.

Maternal antiviral history synergizes with pregnancy and lactation to transfer intergenerational systemic immunity through IgG in milk

This paper shows that maternal antiviral history before pregnancy enhances offspring immunity through IgG in milk, which is transferred via FcRn and provides protection beyond weaning.

Plasmodium blood-stage induces trained immunity in hepatocytes

This study shows that Plasmodium blood-stage infection primes hepatocytes to exhibit trained immunity, enhancing their response to subsequent challenges.

Exposure to P. falciparum and common cold viruses shape vaccine responses in early life

The paper examines how exposure to P. falciparum and common cold viruses influences vaccine responses in Ugandan infants, finding positive associations between microbial exposure and antibody levels.

WTAP-mediated epitranscriptomic program in alveolar macrophages confers prolonged protection against postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia

The paper shows that reduced m6A in alveolar macrophages after influenza enhances trained immunity, improving antibacterial function and protecting against secondary infections.

Transcriptional remodeling of ubiquitin regulatory networks during trained immunity

This study identifies transcriptional remodeling of ubiquitin-modifying enzymes during trained immunity across multiple models.

Maternal Inflammation in Late Gestation Alters Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses in Adult Murine Offspring

This study shows that maternal inflammation during late gestation in mice alters immune responses to vaccination in adult offspring.

In vivo experimental model of β-glucan-induced innate immune memory

This paper presents a protocol for inducing innate immune memory in mice using repeated β-glucan injections and assesses it through enhanced bone marrow hematopoiesis and GMP production.

Social sensing of infection reprograms peripheral immunity in healthy mice

Immune responses in healthy mammals are shaped by exposure to infected conspecifics.

Exposure to immune stimuli reprograms alveolar macrophages to acquire neutrophil-derived antimicrobial molecules to prevent staphylococcal pneumonia

The paper shows that prior exposure to immune stimuli enhances protection against MRSA pneumonia by reprogramming alveolar macrophages to acquire neutrophil-derived antimicrobial enzymes.

Spatiotemporal-multimodal integration reveals BCG-induced skin-blood crosstalk

This study integrates spatiotemporal data from skin and blood to reveal BCG-induced molecular networks and predictive biomarkers of vaccine response.

A BCG toxic effector induces mitochondrial DNA compaction to refrain protective immunity

This study shows that BCG effector PE18 induces mitochondrial DNA compaction to suppress trained immunity and protective immunity against Mtb.

Therapeutic Salmonella induces long-term protective trained immunity in NK cells against cancer metastasis

This study shows that a single dose of Salmonella YB1 vaccine induces long-term protective trained immunity in NK cells, enhancing their ability to combat cancer metastasis.

IRE1α-XBP1s axis is required for BCG-induced trained immunity against viral infection by inhibiting AHR signaling

Constraints and tunability of antigen-agnostic memory durability

This study develops mathematical models and simulations to show that antigen-agnostic memory durability is constrained by immune cell turnover, cytokine dependence, and epigenetic state transmission, and can be tuned via cytokine-mediated feedback.

Metabolic imprinting drives epithelial memory during mucosal fungal infection

This study identifies a metabolic-epigenetic mechanism in oral epithelial cells that enhances protection against fungal infection through proline catabolism and mitochondrial function.

Respiratory syncytial virus infection confers heterologous protection against SARS-CoV-2 via induction of γδ T cell-mediated trained immunity and SARS-CoV-2 reactive mucosal T cells

This study shows RSV infection protects against SARS-CoV-2 by boosting γδ T cell immunity and mucosal T cell responses in mice.

Type-I interferon priming signal balances anti-bacterial and anti-tumor trained immunity in alveolar macrophages

This study shows that type-I interferon signaling from influenza infection primes alveolar macrophages to develop balanced anti-bacterial and anti-tumor trained immunity.

IFNγ-induced memory in human macrophages is not sustained by epigenetic changes but the durability of the cytokine itself

This study shows that IFNγ-induced memory in macrophages relies on ongoing cytokine signaling, not epigenetic changes, as cytokine removal reverses enhancer formation and memory.

Tolerance to Lung Infection in TWIK2 K+ Efflux Mediated Macrophage Trained Immunity

This paper identifies ATP-mediated TWIK2 channel activation in alveolar macrophages as a mechanism for trained immunity and enhanced microbial killing.

Intravenous BCG immunization drives naive CD4+ T cell to Th1 differentiation via CD4+ T cell epigenetic reprogramming

This study shows that IV BCG immunization promotes Th1 differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells through epigenetic reprogramming and enhances antiviral activity against RSV.

Setdb2 Regulates Inflammatory Trigger-Induced Trained Immunity of Macrophages Through Two Different Epigenetic Mechanisms

This study shows Setdb2 regulates trained immunity in macrophages through two distinct epigenetic mechanisms, differing between pathogenic and sterile inflammatory triggers.

An immunologist, ecologist and clinician walk into Plato's cave to discuss infections

The paper identifies five immune response archetypes in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi and shows tradeoffs between resistance to different pathogens.

Trained Immunity Affecting Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis

This study shows that trained immunity affects dendritic cell differentiation and function in rheumatoid arthritis, altering their gene expression and immune responses.

Innate Immune Memory is Stimulus Specific

This study shows that innate immune memory in macrophages is stimulus-specific, with distinct phenotypic and epigenetic responses depending on the initial training stimulus.

Schistosoma mansoni antigen induced innate immune memory features mitochondrial biogenesis and can be inhibited by ovarian produced hormones

This study shows that Schistosoma mansoni antigens induce innate immune training in males but not females, which can be inhibited by ovarian hormones and involves mitochondrial biogenesis.

Pre-stimulation of Precision-Cut bovine udder slices with zymosan before LPS exposure indicates indicators for trained immunity

This study uses precision-cut bovine udder slices to investigate trained immunity indicators in mastitis, showing distinct cytokine and lipid mediator responses to zymosan and LPS stimulation.

β-glucan reprograms alveolar macrophages via neutrophil/IFNγ axis to promote lung injury

Epigenetic Reprogramming Mediates Monocyte and Heterologous T Cell-derived Cytokine Responses after BCG Vaccination

This study investigates how DNA methylation changes after BCG vaccination influence cytokine responses and identifies epigenetic pathways mediating genetic effects on immune responses.