Pancreatic function and diabetes

The role of mu-opioid receptors in pancreatic islet alpha cells

This study investigates the role of mu-opioid receptors in pancreatic islet alpha cells, showing they regulate glucagon secretion and are linked to metabolic disease.

Pancreatic islet alpha cells regulate microtubule stability in neighboring beta cells to tune insulin secretion and induce functional heterogeneity in individual mouse and human islets

The paper shows that alpha cells regulate beta cell microtubule stability via Gcg and Glp1 signaling, affecting insulin secretion and creating functional heterogeneity in islets.

Interruption of glucagon signaling augments islet non-alpha cell proliferation in SLC7A2- and mTOR-dependent manners

This study shows that blocking glucagon signaling increases non-alpha cell proliferation in islets, dependent on SLC7A2 and mTORC1, across multiple species and models.

A metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver acinus biomimetic induces pancreatic islet dysfunction in a coupled microphysiology system

This paper develops a coupled microphysiological system to study how liver dysfunction affects pancreatic islet function, finding altered secretomes and glucose responses under metabolic syndrome conditions.

Negative cell cycle regulation by Calcineurin is necessary for proper beta cell regeneration in zebrafish

The paper identifies calcineurin's role in regulating beta cell regeneration in zebrafish by balancing progenitor proliferation and differentiation.

miR-146a-5p mediates inflammation-induced β cell mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis

This study shows that miR-146a-5p overexpression in beta cells under inflammatory stress causes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, while its inhibition reverses these effects.

Dense but not alpha granules of platelets are required for insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells

This study investigates the role of platelet granules in insulin secretion, finding that dense granules, but not alpha granules, are critical for regulating pancreatic beta cell function and glucose metabolism.

Kinesin-1 mediates proper ER folding of the CaV1.2 channel and maintains mouse glucose homeostasis

This study shows KIF5B is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by facilitating CaV1.2 channel folding in the ER, maintaining glucose homeostasis in mice.

Optimised proteomic analysis of insulin granules from MIN6 β-cells identifies Scamp3, a novel regulator of insulin secretion and content

This study identifies 211 proteins associated with insulin secretory granules in MIN6 β-cells, including SCAMP3, which regulates insulin storage and secretion.

RFX3 is essential for the development and maturation of human pancreatic islets derived from pluripotent stem cells

This study investigates RFX3's role in human pancreatic islet development using iPSC-derived organoids, finding that RFX3 loss disrupts endocrine cell differentiation and beta-cell function.

Human Vascularized Macrophage-Islet Organoids to Model Immune-Mediated Pancreatic β cell Pyroptosis upon Viral Infection

The paper develops vascularized macrophage-islet organoids to study immune-mediated β cell pyroptosis during viral infection and identifies TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A as a key mechanism.

Generation and application of novel hES cell reporter lines for the differentiation and maturation of hPS cell-derived islet-like clusters

This paper generates and validates hES cell reporter lines to monitor islet-like cluster differentiation and maturation, finding that N21 supplement improves monohormonal β-cell numbers.

Anle138b manifests potent anti-hyperglycemic activity in type 2 diabetic mice expressing hIAPP

This study shows that anle138b reduces hyperglycemia and improves pancreatic islet function in hIAPP Ob/Ob mice by mitigating hIAPP toxicity.

Compromised chronic efficacy of a Glucokinase Activator AZD1656 in mouse models for common human GCKR variants

This study shows that GKRP deficiency in mouse models reduces the long-term efficacy of the GKA AZD1656 and increases liver lipid accumulation.

Glucokinase activity controls peripherally-located subpopulations of β-cells that lead islet Ca2+ oscillations

This paper uses 3D light-sheet imaging to study β-cell subpopulations and their role in islet Ca2+ oscillations, finding that glucokinase activity patterns leader cells at the periphery.

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) regulates the epigenetic landscape of mouse pancreatic beta cells

This study shows that LKB1 deletion in mouse pancreatic beta cells causes widespread chromatin accessibility changes and affects gene expression, including neuronal genes.

Hydrogel injection molded complex macroencapsulation device geometry improves long-term cell therapy viability and function in the rat omentum transplant site

This study shows that a high surface area-to-volume spiral hydrogel device improves islet viability and function in a rat omentum transplant model compared to traditional cylindrical designs.

Dual Role of Neuroplastin in Pancreatic Beta Cells: Regulating Insulin Secretion and Promoting Islet Inflammation

This study identifies Neuroplastin as a binding partner of MANF in pancreatic beta cells, showing it regulates insulin secretion, proliferation, and inflammation, with MANF counteracting these effects.

Human research islet cell culture outcomes at the Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore

The paper examines islet isolation and culture outcomes at the Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore, finding islet loss occurs within 24 hours of isolation with no further loss after extended culture.

Single cell multiome profiling of pancreatic islets reveals physiological changes in cell type-specific regulation associated with diabetes risk

The paper uses single-cell multiome profiling to identify gene regulatory changes in pancreatic islets linked to diabetes risk factors like age, sex, and genetic variants.

Insight into the Interaction between Neuronal Calcium Sensors and Insulin

This study investigates the interaction between neuronal calcium sensors and insulin, revealing Ca2+-dependent and -independent binding mechanisms and structural changes in NCS-1.

Limitations in PPAR-dependent mitochondrial programming restrain the differentiation of human stem cell-derived β cells

This study identifies PPAR-dependent mitochondrial programming as a limiting factor in the differentiation of human stem cell-derived β cells and shows that PPAR agonists can enhance β cell formation and function.

Lipotoxicity Induces Beta Cell Small Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Beta Cell Dysfunction

This study shows lipotoxicity increases beta-cell sEV release, which alter proteomic/lipidomic profiles and induce beta-cell dysfunction via the TGFβ/Smad3 pathway.

Follicle stimulating hormone receptor expression in human pancreas and effects on insulin secretion: A translational study

This study examines FSH receptor expression in human pancreatic islets and shows FSH enhances insulin secretion and cAMP levels, with associations between FSH and insulin indices in obese children.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human pancreatic islets reveals genes responsive to glucose exposure over 24 hours

This study uses single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression changes in human pancreatic islets under different glucose conditions over 24 hours, identifying genes and modules associated with time, glucose exposure, and their interaction.

Intravital imaging reveals glucose-dependent cilia movement in pancreatic islets in vivo

The paper uses intravital imaging to show glucose-dependent cilia movement in live mouse pancreatic islets.

Post-transcriptional regulation by the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex maintains redox homeostasis in insulin biosynthesis in mouse pancreatic β cells

The paper shows that CNOT7 deletion in mouse pancreatic β cells reduces insulin content and secretion by impairing proinsulin conversion, through reduced PRDX4 and increased CNOT8 binding to Prdx4 mRNA via MSI2.

Identifying miRNA Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction in a FOXA2-Deficient iPSC Model

The paper identifies miRNA signatures in FOXA2-deficient iPSC-derived pancreatic islets, showing altered miRNA-mRNA networks linked to diabetes and islet dysfunction.

HumanIslets: An integrated platform for human islet data access and analysis

HumanIslets.com provides an open platform for accessing and analyzing human islet data, enabling research on diabetes through integrated molecular and cellular phenotyping.

Post-transcriptional regulation of insulin mRNA storage by G3BP1/2+ condensates in beta cells

The paper shows that G3BP1/2 form condensates with insulin mRNA in beta cells, which dissolve upon glucose stimulation, regulating insulin mRNA storage and translation.