interferon and immune responses

Defective Viral Genomes Reveal History-dependent Self-regulation of Type I Interferon Dynamics

The paper develops a Bayesian model to show that defective viral genomes modulate type I interferon dynamics by both inducing and suppressing IFN through cumulative exposure, explaining how pandemic viruses evade innate immunity.

A novel proviral mechanism for the ISG, Shiftless, during human coronavirus infection

This study reveals that the ISG Shiftless (SHFL) has both antiviral and proviral functions during coronavirus infection, enhancing susceptibility while modulating IFN signaling.

A Synthetic Consensus Chiroptera IFN-β Induces IFN-I Signaling Across Diverse Bat Taxa

The paper designs a synthetic consensus IFN-β for bats that induces IFN-I signaling across diverse bat species, enabling study of antiviral immunity.

Mechanical stress-induced release of mitochondrial double-stranded RNA activates RIG-I to drive osteogenic differentiation in aortic disease

This study shows mechanical stress releases mitochondrial dsRNA, activating RIG-I to drive osteogenic differentiation and calcification in aortic disease, with JAK/STAT inhibition offering therapeutic potential.

ESX-1 substrates ESAT-6 and CFP-10 limit cGAS-STING activation via DNA and Zn2+ restriction

The paper shows ESAT-6 and CFP-10 limit cGAS-STING activation by degrading DNA and restricting Zn2+ availability during mycobacterial infection.

Uncoupling of STING Accumulation and Activation upon Chromosome-Derived Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Formation

The paper investigates the relationship between STING accumulation and activation in response to chromosome-derived eccDNA, finding they are uncoupled in certain conditions.

Developmental and molecular features shaping broad and synergistic actions of human autoantibodies targeting interferon-α

This study tracks the development of human autoantibodies against interferons over time, revealing their maturation, specificity, and synergistic effects in blocking IFN signaling.

Ancestral Quadruplication of Protein Kinase R in Tarsiers Hints Towards Novel Primate-Virus Innovations

This study identifies a unique PKR gene quadruplication in tarsiers, which may represent an evolutionary strategy to counteract viral inhibition.

A dynamic molecular glue targets a plastic MDA5 filament interface to stimulate innate immunity

This paper identifies MA2, a small-molecule agonist of MDA5 that enhances antiviral and antitumor immunity by dynamically stabilizing MDA5 filaments.

High-Throughput Screening Identifies Proteasome Inhibitors as Potentiators of Type III Interferon JAK-STAT Signaling and Antiviral Immunity

Heteromeric LGP2-MDA5 receptor complexes drive antiviral signaling

This study shows LGP2 is not just a recruitment factor for MDA5 but becomes an integral part of MDA5 filaments, stabilizing them and reducing the number of MDA5 molecules needed for signaling.

Dual role of the RIG-I 2CARD as a signaling module and a brake on dsRNA translocation

This study shows the RIG-I 2CARD acts as both a signaling module and a brake on dsRNA translocation using high-speed atomic force microscopy.

Immunomodulatory RIG-I Agonist SLR14 Confers Protection Against a Range of Highly Pathogenic Negative Sense RNA viruses

SLR14, an immunomodulatory RIG-I agonist, provides broad-spectrum antiviral protection against multiple highly pathogenic negative-sense RNA viruses in vitro and in vivo.

Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins differentially antagonize RIG-I-like receptor signaling to shape pathogenicity

This study identifies that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins more effectively inhibit RIG-I-like receptor signaling than less pathogenic coronaviruses, enhancing viral replication and suggesting N protein targeting as an antiviral strategy.

MacroH2A1 and H3K27me3 target cGAS to facultative heterochromatin to restrain innate immune activation

This study shows that macroH2A1 and H3K27me3 bind cGAS to sequester it in heterochromatin, preventing innate immune activation.

DancE: A DNA-Activated Bacterial cGAS-like Enzyme in Antiphage Immune Defense

The paper identifies DancE, a bacterial cGAS-like enzyme activated by DNA, and shows its regulation by DnaK and activation by lambda phage protease gpC.

State-selective nanobodies to probe Guanylate-binding protein coat assembly and function

This study develops nanobodies to selectively probe different states of GBP coat assembly and function in human cells.

Type I and III interferons differentially encode inflammatory gene activation through threshold control of ISGF3 dynamics

This study shows type I and III interferons produce distinct inflammatory gene activation through different ISGF3 dynamics, with type III limiting high activity duration.

Systematic screen of PKR reveals genetic variants that broadly evade divergent viral pseudosubstrate inhibitors

This study screens genetic variants of PKR to identify those that resist diverse viral pseudosubstrate inhibitors, finding shared resistance mechanisms across different inhibitors.

Interferon lambda drives immunological maturation in the infant lung and protects against lethal Bordetella pertussis infection

This study shows that interferon lambda is crucial for immune maturation in infant lungs and protects against lethal pertussis infection by enhancing immune responses and limiting bacterial spread.

Interferon gamma-induced MX1 and IFITM1 inhibit Varicella-Zoster Virus Replication

This study identifies MX1 and IFITM1 as IFN-gamma-induced factors that inhibit VZV replication and shows JAK-STAT suppression promotes viral replication in keratinocytes.

Fetal-intrinsic antiviral mechanisms emerge over the course of gestation

This study investigates gestational stage-dependent differences in maternal and fetal outcomes following Oropouche virus infection in mice, revealing fetal-intrinsic antiviral mechanisms.

Gasdermin E couples mitochondrial stress to STING-driven neuronal pyroptosis during Chandipura virus encephalitis

This study identifies a mitochondria-GSDME-STING axis that links early immune evasion to neuroinflammation during Chandipura virus infection, revealing a mechanism of inflammatory neuronal death.

Type I and Type III Interferons Differentially Shape Antiviral Defense and Epithelial Integrity at the Choroid Plexus

This study investigates the differential roles of type I and III interferons in antiviral defense and epithelial integrity at the choroid plexus using organoid models and single-cell RNA sequencing.

A knockout screening platform for interferon-stimulated genes in respiratory cells identifies LY6E as a dominant antiviral effector against coronaviruses

This study uses CRISPR-Cas9 to identify LY6E as an antiviral factor against coronaviruses in respiratory cells.

IFN-κ directs antiviral immunity in human skin

This study shows that keratinocytes produce IFN-kappa constitutively to protect human skin against RNA and DNA viruses through distinct antiviral mechanisms.

Natural Selection of the Common STING Allele HAQ in Anatomically Modern Humans

The paper identifies the HAQ STING allele as positively selected during human migration out of Africa but negatively selected in Sub-Saharan Africa due to its impact on immune responses.

The orphan receptor IL-17RD is a negative regulator of RIG-I-like receptor-dependent antiviral innate immunity and restrains SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation

This study identifies IL-17RD as a negative regulator of RIG-I-like receptor-dependent antiviral immunity, showing it limits SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation.

Powassan Virus NS5 Antagonizes TYK2-Mediated Immune Signaling Pathways

This study identifies POWV NS5 as a central inhibitor of cytokine signaling by targeting TYK2 and suppressing multiple antiviral pathways.

Interferon redundancy counteracts proteolytic inactivation by SARS-CoV-2 3CL main protease

This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro protease inactivates specific interferons by cleaving glycosylated variants, but interferon redundancy maintains antiviral activity.