Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Microglia initially seed and later reshape amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease

This study shows microglia initially seed amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease but later help compact them, with genetic and pharmacological manipulation affecting plaque formation.

A novel monomeric amyloid β-activated signaling pathway regulates brain development via inhibition of microglia

This study identifies a novel monomeric Aβ-activated signaling pathway in microglia that regulates brain development by inhibiting microglial immune activation and preventing neuronal ectopia.

Microglial cathepsin B promotes neuronal efferocytosis during brain development

This study shows that microglial cathepsin B is essential for efficient neuronal efferocytosis during brain development, preventing apoptotic cell accumulation and ensuring proper neural circuit formation.

Microglial engulfing of glutamatergic inputs and diminished excitability of D1 medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens by peripheral inflammatory insult

This study shows that peripheral inflammation reduces D1-MSN excitability in the NAc by increasing microglial engulfment of glutamatergic inputs.

Stat3 mediates Fyn kinase driven dopaminergic neurodegeneration and microglia activation

This study identifies Stat3 as a downstream effector of Fyn kinase in dopaminergic neurodegeneration and microglia activation using a zebrafish model.

The effect of a dominant kinase-dead Csf1r mutation associated with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy on brain development and neuropathology.

This study examines the impact of a heterozygous Csf1r mutation on brain development and neuropathology in mice, showing reduced microglial abundance and altered gene expression in disease models.

Residual Microglia Following Short-term PLX5622 Treatment in 5xFAD Mice Exhibit Diminished NLRP3 Inflammasome and mTOR Signaling, and Enhanced Autophagy

This study examines the effects of short-term CSF1R inhibition in 5xFAD mice, showing reduced microglia, noninflammatory phenotype, and altered signaling pathways without affecting Aβ plaques.

Angiotensin-II drives changes in microglia-vascular interactions in rats with heart failure

This study shows that Angiotensin-II increases microglia-vascular interactions in rat heart failure models, leading to neuroinflammation that can be mitigated by blocking AngII receptors.

Early-Life Immune Activation Shapes Microglial Responses and Reduces Abeta Pathology in 5xFAD mice

This study shows that early-life immune activation in 5xFAD mice alters microglial responses and reduces Aβ pathology, with effects on cytokine levels and memory deficits.

Microglia States are Susceptible to Senescence and Cholesterol Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease

This study identifies microglia as key contributors to senescence in Alzheimer's disease, linking cholesterol dysregulation to senescence pathologies through transcriptomic analysis of multiple datasets.

Hippocampal neuroinflammation causes sex-specific disruptions in action selection, food approach memories, and neuronal activation

Sulfatide deficiency-induced astrogliosis and myelin lipid dyshomeostasis are independent of Trem2-mediated microglial activation

This study investigates the relationship between sulfatide deficiency, neuroinflammation, and lipid dyshomeostasis in a mouse model, showing Trem2's role in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation but not astrogliosis or myelin lipid disruption.

Generation of morphologically distinct astrocyte subtypes from human iPSCs reveals a link between glial shape, function and reactivity

The paper generates morphologically distinct astrocyte subtypes from human iPSCs and links their shape, function, and reactivity.

Nimodipine reduces microglial activation in vitro as evidenced by morphological phenotype, phagocytic activity and next generation RNA sequencing

This study shows nimodipine reduces microglial activation in vitro by altering gene expression and functional phenotypes.

Polygenic Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder Affects Cellular Responses to Ethanol Exposure in a Human Microglial Cell Model

This study examines how polygenic risk scores for Alcohol Use Disorder affect microglial responses to ethanol exposure in human iPSC-derived microglia.

Human iPSC-derived Microglial Cells Integrated into Mouse Retina and Recapitulated Features of Endogenous Microglia

This study demonstrates the successful integration and function of human iPSC-derived microglia in the mouse retina, mimicking endogenous microglial behavior and suggesting therapeutic potential for retinal diseases.

TIA1 Mediates Divergent Inflammatory Responses to Tauopathy in Microglia and Macrophages

This study shows TIA1 regulates divergent inflammatory responses in microglia and macrophages, reducing brain inflammation and tau pathology while increasing peripheral inflammation.

Spatiotemporal transcriptomic map of ischemic brain injury

This study maps the spatiotemporal transcriptomic changes in mouse brain tissue after ischemic injury, revealing glial cell responses and their role in neuroinflammation.

Microglia modulate cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling through ectonucleotidase CD39

This study shows microglia regulate cerebral blood flow through CD39-mediated ATP breakdown, affecting neurovascular coupling and CBF reactivity.

A bottom-up approach identifies the antipsychotic and antineoplastic trifluoperazine and the ribose derivative deoxytubercidin as novel microglial phagocytosis inhibitors.

The paper identifies two compounds, trifluoperazine and deoxytubercidin, as novel microglial phagocytosis inhibitors using high-throughput screening and in vivo validation.

Alzheimer's disease-associated protective variant Plcg2-P522R modulates peripheral macrophage function in a sex-dimorphic manner

This study shows that the Alzheimer's protective PLCG2-P522R variant affects peripheral macrophage function differently in males and females.

Intranasally Administered EVs from hiPSC-derived NSCs Alter the Transcriptomic Profile of Activated Microglia and Conserve Brain Function in an Alzheimer's Model

This study shows that intranasally administered EVs from hiPSC-derived NSCs reduce microglial activation and improve brain function in an Alzheimer's model.

Microglia cannibalism and efferocytosis leads to shorter lifespans of developmental microglia

The paper shows that developmental microglia in zebrafish die after becoming phagocytic, leading to a cycle of debris production and cannibalism that shortens their lifespan.

Human monocyte subtype expression of neuroinflammation and -regeneration-related genes is linked to age and sex

The paper examines how age and sex influence gene expression in human monocyte subtypes related to neuroinflammation and regeneration, identifying age- and sex-dependent gene changes.

Deep proteomic analysis of human microglia and model systems reveal fundamental biological differences of in vitro and ex vivo cells

The paper compares proteomic profiles of human and mouse microglia from different sources, revealing significant differences between in vitro and ex vivo cultures.

Alarm functions of PD-1+ brain resident memory T cells

This study shows brain-resident memory T cells (TRM) can rapidly remodel the CNS immune landscape through activation of multiple immune cells, and PD-1 inhibits granzyme B but not alarm responses.

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor ADGRG1 promotes protective microglial response in Alzheimer's disease

This study shows that ADGRG1 in microglia helps protect against Alzheimer's disease by improving amyloid clearance and reducing pathology.

Dark Microglia Are Abundant in Normal Postnatal Development, where they Remodel Synapses via Phagocytosis and Trogocytosis, and Are Dependent on TREM2

This study identifies dark microglia in postnatal mouse hippocampus, showing they perform synapse remodeling via phagocytosis and trogocytosis and depend on TREM2.

Tau, amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein co-pathologies synergistically enhance neuroinflammation and neuropathology

This paper shows that combined Alzheimer's and Parkinson's protein pathologies enhance neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model.

Neuroinflammation and Spinal Cord Pathology Associated with Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke-Prone Rats

This study investigates spinal cord pathology in hypertensive rats, finding neuroinflammation, gliosis, and tissue damage linked to hypertension.